• Source: Papilio joanae

Papilio joanae, the Ozark swallowtail, is a North American butterfly species in the family Papilionidae. It was once considered a synonym of the black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes).




Description


The Ozark swallowtail is almost identical to the black swallowtail. Despite this similarity, an analysis of the Ozark swallowtail's mitochondrial DNA suggests that it is actually more closely related to the Old World swallowtail (Papilio machaon). On both surfaces of the hindwing, the pupil in the eyespot usually touches the edge of the inner margin. On the underside of the hindwing, the orange spots have very little or no yellow in them. The black adult color pattern characterizing P. polyxenes is presumed to be inherited as a simple autosomal dominant




Distribution


This butterfly is endemic to the Ozark Mountains in the United States. It is uncommon to rare in this region.




Flight


The Ozark swallowtail is seen from April to September.




Habitat


P. joanae is found in cedar glades and woodland habitats.




Life cycle


The caterpillar is morphologically very similar to the black swallowtail caterpillar. The two species may be more easily distinguished by the habitat and host plants upon which the caterpillar feeds, as these differ. There are two broods per year.




Host plants


Thaspium barbinode - meadow parsnip
Taenidia integerrima - yellow pimpernel
Zizia aurea - golden alexander




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Papilio joanae
• Papilio polyxenes
• Papilio
• Thaspium trifoliatum
• Zizia aurea
• List of butterflies of North America (Papilionidae)
• List of butterflies of Zambia
• List of butterflies of Tanzania
• List of butterflies of Zimbabwe
• IUCN Red List data deficient species (Chordata)