Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act (PPACA), biasa disebut Obamacare atau hukum layanan kesehatan federal, adalah sebuah hukum federal yang disahkan oleh Presiden Barack Obama pada tanggal 23 Maret 2010. Bersama Health
Care and Education Reconciliation
Act, UU ini mengusung perombakan regulasi sistem layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat terbesar sejak disahkannya Medicare dan Medicaid tahun 1965.
PPACA lebih ditujukan untuk mengurangi jumlah warga Amerika Serikat tak terasuransikan dan seluruh biaya layanan kesehatan. UU ini menyediakan berbagai macam mekanisme—termasuk mandat, subsidi, dan kredit pajak—untuk para pengusaha dan individu demi meningkatkan tingkat cakupan asuransi. Reformasi lain bertujuan memperbaiki hasil layanan kesehatan dan menyederhanakan penyaluran layanan kesehatan. PPACA mensyaratkan perusahaan-perusahaan asuransi mencakup semua pendaftar dan menawarkan nilai yang sama tanpa melihat kondisi tak jelas atau jenis kelamin. Congressional Budget Office memperkirakan PPACA akan mengurangi defisit selanjutnya dan anggaran Medicare.
Pada tanggal 28 Jun 2012, Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat mendukung konstitusionalitas sebagian besar isi PPACA dalam kasus National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius.
Lihat pula
Perbandingan sistem layanan kesehatan di Kanada dan Amerika Serikat
Reformasi layanan kesehatan Massachusetts ("RomneyCare")
Layanan kesehatan universal
National Health Insurance
Perbandingan layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat dengan 8 negara lain dalam bentuk tabel
Referensi
Bacaan lanjutan
Barr, Donald A. (2011). Introduction to U.S. Health Policy: The Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health
Care in America. JHU Press.
CCH (2010). Law, Explanation and Analysis of the
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act: Including Reconciliation
Act Impact. CCH Incorporated. 1183pp
Feldman, Arthur M. (2011). Understanding Health
Care Reform: Bridging the Gap Between Myth and Reality. CRC Press.
Jacobs, Lawrence R.; Theda Skocpol (2010). Health
Care Reform and American Politics. Oxford U.P.
John E. McDonough (2011). Inside National Health Reform. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520270190.
Dokumen awal CBO
Patient Protection And
Affordable Care Act, Incorporating The Manager's Amendment − December 19, 2009
Effects Of The
Patient Protection And
Affordable Care Act On The Federal Budget And The Balance In The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
Estimated Effect Of The
Patient Protection And
Affordable Care Act (Incorporating The Manager's Amendment) On The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
Base Analysis – H.R. 3590,
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act, − November 18, 2009.↑ (The Additional and/or Related CBO reporting that follows can be accessed from the above link)
Estimated Distribution Of Individual Mandate Penalties (November 20, 2009)
Estimated Effects On Medicare Advantage Enrollment And Benefits Not Covered By Medicare (November 21, 2009)
Estimated Effects On The Status Of The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (November 21, 2009)
Estimated Average Premiums Under Current Law (December 5, 2009)
Additional Information About Employment-Based Coverage (December 7, 2009)
Budgetary Treatment Of Proposals To Regulate Medical Loss Ratios (December 13, 2009)
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Perkiraan dampak P.L. 111-148
Estimated Financial Effects of the "
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act," as Amended. April 22, 2010.
Estimated Effects of the "
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act," as Amended, on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund, Part B Premiums, and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts. April 22, 2010.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Perkiraan dampak H.R. 3590
Estimated Financial Effects of the "
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act of 2009," as Proposed by the Senate Majority Leader on November 18, 2009. December 10, 2009.
Estimated Effects of the "
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act" on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund, Part B Premiums, and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts. December 10, 2009.
Pranala luar
Video: Obama signs Healthcare Bill
Supreme Court Ruling on the ACA-June 28, 2012 Diarsipkan 2012-06-28 di Wayback Machine.
Remarks by the President on Supreme Court Ruling on the
Affordable Care Act-June 28, 2012
HealthCare.gov – Department of Health and Human Services website on the law
(Inggris)
Affordable Care Act - Berita dan komentar di The New York Times
(Inggris) Health Reform - Kumpulan berita dan komentar di The Wall Street Journal
Basics: Health
Care reform issues as provided by Emily Smith from CNN' June 25, 2012
Timeline of the health
Care law as provided by CNN June 17, 2012
Kaiser Family Foundation: Health Reform Subsidy Calculator – Premium Assistance for Coverage in Exchanges/Gateways Diarsipkan 2013-04-22 di Wayback Machine.
Three Days of Argument: Obamacare On Trial Audiobook Diarsipkan 2014-07-02 di Wayback Machine. – Complete coverage of the arguments to the Supreme Court regarding Obamacare
Supreme Court ruling caps a century of American debate over how to get medical
Care for all An Associated Press timeline published on June 28, 2012 by The Washington Post about key events in a century of debate over what role the government should play in helping people in the United States afford medical
Care
HealthReformGPS.org Diarsipkan 2014-11-09 di Wayback Machine. – Tracking and explanation of the law – as it is implemented – by analysts at the Hirsh Health Law and Policy program of the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services.
Ambinder, Marc (March 22, 2010). "Has Romney Lost The RomneyCare = ObamaCare Argument?". The Atlantic. Diakses tanggal 2011-04-07.
Salinan RUU
PDF of the
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act ("PPACA"; Public Law 111–148) after consolidating the amendments made by Title X of PPACA itself and by the Health
Care and Education Reconciliation
Act of 2010 ("HCERA"; Public Law 111–152) into one revision.
Plain Text or PDF formats of H. R. 3590 (Public Law 111-148), as engrossed or passed by the Senate and printed via FDsys.
The
Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act, full text, summary, background, provisions and more, via Democratic Policy Committee (Senate.gov)
Summary of H.R. 3590 (March 23, 2010) via THOMAS.
Entry for H.R. 3590 at GovTrack
The law as published by the U.S. Government Printing Office
"Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State. Has the Obama Administration Trampled on Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Conscience?" Hearing before the Congressional Committee on Oversight and Government Reform February 16, 2012
Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State – Part 1
Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State – Part 2
'"Where Are the Women?": Lawmakers Walk Out on Contraception Rule Hearing After Female Witness Barred' Democracy Now! February 17, 2012
