• Source: Pattavali

A Pattavali (From Sanskrit patta: seat, avali: chain), Sthaviravali or Theravali, is a record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders. They are thus spiritual genealogies. It is generally presumed that two successive names are teacher and pupil. The term is applicable for all Indian religions, but is generally used for Jain monastic orders.
There are several famous pattavalis which are often used to establish historical chronologies:

Sarasvatigachchha Pattavali: Pattavali of the Balatkara Gana of Mula Sangh
Tapagaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of Tapa Gachchha
Upkeśa Gaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of the Upkeśa Gaccha (now extinct), the oldest of all pattavalis of the Jain sangha.
Kharataragachha Pattavali: Pattavali of Kharatara Gachchha
Glasenapp notes that although the chronological list mentioned in pattavali are valuable, it is not reliable.




Description


Pattavali states the lineage of Jain monks.




The Jain Monastic Lineages


According to 600 AD inscription at Sravanabelagola, Harivansha Purana, Jambuddvita Pannati and Kalpasutra, the Pattavali (lineage) after Mahavira, 24th tirthankara, until Bhadrabāhu is commonly recognized by both the sects without disputes. Differences arise from Sthulabhadra onwards, whose undisputed adherence to the Śvetāmbara is confirmed. Kalpasutra gives a lineage starting with Pushyagiri after Vajrasena ending with Devardhi Ksamashramana, the president of the Vallabhi council under whom the principal canonical scriptures of the Śvetāmbara sect were formally written. The Kalpasutra also mentions ganas and shakhas established by other disciples of Bhadrabahu, Sambhutavijaya, Mahagiri etc. The Brihat-Kharataragachchha pattavali gives the name of Chandra after Vajrasena, the lineage continues until Udyotana, the founder of Brihadgachcha.
Apart from the given list, another list of preceptors of the Upkeśa Gaccha (now extinct) within the Śvetāmbara sect exists. While all other pattavalis trace their ancestry to the 24th Tirthankara Mahavira, Upkeśa Gaccha traces its ancestry to the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha. This pattavali, therefore, also supports the claim of the antiquity of the Śvetāmbara sect. Several eminent preceptors including Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri (founder of Oswal clan) and Acharya Swayamprabhasuri (founder of Porwal clan) belonged to the Upkeśa Gaccha.

The Kevalis (those who attained kavalagyana)
Mahavira Swami
Gautam Swami
Sudharmaswami (Lohacharya)
Jambu Swami
The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to Digambara tradition:
Vishnudeva
Aparajita
Govardhana
Bhadrabahu
The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to Śvetāmbara tradition:
Prabhava
Sayyambhava
Yashobhadra
Sambhutavijaya
Bhadrabahu




Digambara Lineage


According to Digambar tradition, the monastic lineage after Bhadrabāhu was:

Bhadrabahu, a shruta-kevalin
Visakha, the 10-purvis begin here
Prosthila
Kshatria
Jayasena
Nagasena
Siddhartha
Dhritisena
Vijaya
Buddhilinga
Deva I
Dharasena
Nakshatri, 11 angis begin here.
Jayapalaka
Pandava
Dhruvasena
Kansa
Subhadra, 1 angis begins here.
Yashobhadra
Bhadrabahu II
Lohacarya II
Arhadvali, ekangis with partial knowledge of one anga.
Maghanandi
Dharasena, see Satkhandagama
Pushpadanta
Bhutabali
Arhadvali is said to have been the founder of the divisions of the Mula Sangha. Even though the Digambara sect claims Manatunga was a Digambara monk, none of the pattavalis maintained by the Digambara sect mention him.




Śvetāmbara Lineage


According to the Śvetāmbara tradition, the monastic lineage is as follows: -

Sudharmaswami
Jambu Swami
Prabhava
Sayyambhava
Yashobhadra
Sambhutavijaya & Bhadrabahu
Sthulabhadra
Mahagiri (268 BC to 168 BC) and Suhastin (222 BC to 122 BC)
Susthita and Supratibuddh
Indradinna
Dinna
Sinhagiri
Vajraswami (31 BC to 47 CE)
Vajrasena
Chandrasuri
Vriddhadeva
Pradyotansuri
Mandevsuri
Mantungsuri - author of Bhaktāmara Stotra
Virsuri
Jaidevsuri
Anandsuri
Vikramsuri
Narsimhsuriji
Samudrasuri
Mandevsuri II
Vibudhprabhasuri
Jayanandsuri
Raviprabhsuri
Yashodevsuri
Pradyumnasuri
Mandevsuri III
Vimalchandrasuri
Udyotansuri
Sarvadevsuri
Devsuri
Sarvadevsuri II
Yashobhadrasuri
Munichandrasuri
Vadidevsuri
Vijaisinghsuri
Somaprabhsuri
Jagatchandrasuri - Founder of Tapagaccha
Devendrasuri
Vidyanandsuri and Dharmagoshsuri
Somaprabhsuri
Somatilaksuri
Devsundersuri
Somasundersuri
Munisundersuri
Ratnashekharsuri
Lakshmisagarsuri
Sumatisadhusuri
Hemvimalsuri
Anandvimalsuri
Vijay Dansuri
Vijay Hirsuri - One who inspired Akbar
Vijaysen Suri
Vijaydev suri
Vijaysimhsuri
Vijayprabhavsuri
Satyavijay Gani
Another list of monks, of the preceptors of the Upkeśa Gaccha also exists and is considered to be an important pattavali as the creation of major Śvetāmbara clans such as Oswal, Porwal, and Srimal are connected to Upkeśa Gaccha.




See also


Upkeśa Gaccha
Religious order
Gaccha




Notes






References


Nagārāja, Muni (1 January 2003), Āgama Aura Tripiṭaka: Eka Anuśilana, Concept Publishing Company, ISBN 978-81-7022-731-1
Glasenapp, Helmuth Von (1999), Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1376-6
Cort, John (2010) [1953], Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538502-1
Shah, Natubhai (2004) [First published in 1998], Jainism: The World of Conquerors, vol. I, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1938-1
Singh, Upinder (2016), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Pearson Education, ISBN 978-93-325-6996-6

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Pattavali
• Prithviraj Chauhan
• Balatkara Gana
• Chahamanas of Shakambhari
• Kirti Stambha
• Prithviraj Raso
• Śvetāmbara
• Moodabidri
• Sthulabhadra
• Alauddin Khalji