- Source: Patu
A patu is a club or pounder used by the Māori. The word patu in the Māori language means to strike, hit, beat, kill or subdue.
Weapons
These types of short-handled clubs were mainly used as a striking weapon. The blow administered with this weapon was a horizontal thrust straight from the shoulder at the enemy's temple. If the foe could be grasped by the hair then the patu would be driven up under the ribs or jaw. Patu were made from hardwood, whale bone, or stone. The most prestigious material for the patu was pounamu (greenstone). Maori decorated the patu by carving into the wood, bone or stone.
Types of patu include:
patu pounamu or mere: made from pounamu (greenstone).
patu onewa: made of stone. These resemble the mere in outline but thicker, because the stone used was more easily broken than the resilient pounamu.
patu paraoa: made of whale bone
patu tawaka and patuki: made from wood. Other styles of short-handled wooden clubs include the kotiate and wahaika.
Less traditional is the rare patu pora, made from iron and the hatchet or whaling harpoon heads (pātītī).
The patu normally has "a round or rectangular hole in the handle for the tau, or wrist cord". The wrist cord is generally a short or medium piece of rope that is tied together to form a complete loop. The wielder places his hand inside the loop up to his wrist, and quickly spins the patu in order to wind up the cord (around the wrist and hand), thus securing the weapon on the hand. A feathered tassel may also be added at the end of the cord as a form of distraction to the adversary as the patu is wielded against him.
Pounders
Types of nonweapon patu include:
patu muka: a pounder used to soften flax fibre (muka) in preparation for weaving.
patu aruhe: a pounder used to break up edible fern roots for food.
See also
Mere (weapon)
Pouwhenua
Tewhatewha
Kotiate
Taiaha
Wahaika
References
External links
Mere pounamu in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Patu onewa in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Patu paraoa in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Patu muka in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Patu aruhe in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa- Source: Patu!
Patu! is a 1983 New Zealand documentary film directed by Merata Mita about the controversial 1981 Springbok tour. It follows the inner workings of the campaign against the tour, and captures scenes of violent conflict between police and protesters. It is a significant work of activist and indigenous filmmaking, and of New Zealand filmmaking in general.
Background
New Zealand’s All-Blacks and South Africa’s Springboks have been frequent rugby rivals since 1921. The Springbok team had been the targets of protests over the last couple decades as a response to South African apartheid. The protests that met the 1981 tour were some of the most volatile in New Zealand history. It is said the campaign split the country between pro-tour and anti-tour, not least because of rugby's place in the country's national identity. The documentary takes a decisively anti-tour perspective, pointing the conversation about South African apartheid towards racial discrimination practiced in New Zealand.
Production history
Mita began producing the film as a 25-minute documentary for TVNZ, although its sensitive politics would necessitate the completion of the film independently. The film was created on a $41,000 budget contributed to by the New Zealand Film Commission, the Arts Council of New Zealand, and the National Catholic Commission. Fifteen camera operators and thirteen sound recordists are credited for the finished film, though Mita also used family members in the crew. They worked without pay, and often in dangerous circumstances.
The editing process lasted two years, complicated by the various types of film stock used, the refusal of television networks to lend footage, and the need to protect the negatives from being seized by police as evidence. Mita complained of police harassment as they regularly visited her house on this pretence.
Release history
Patu! premiered at the 1983 Wellington Film Festival to a standing ovation. A shorter 83-minute version had further screenings at international film festivals. It was not shown on New Zealand television until the 10th anniversary of the tour in 1991.
Credits
Reception and legacy
Patu! has been acclaimed as a historical document and as a cinematic polemic. It has been called one of New Zealand's most important documentaries. Along with Canadian Abenaki Alanis Obomsawin’s films like 1984’s Incident at Restigouche and Mita’s earlier 1978 film Bastion Point: Day 507, Patu! is an early example of indigenous female filmmaking.
The film has met with criticism for depicting the events solely from the perspective of the protesters, and accusations of bias and partisanship. Mita has responded "The Pakeha bias in all things recorded in Aotearoa was never questioned... Yes, Patu! has a Māori perspective, but it does not override the mass mobilisation of New Zealand's white middle class, neither does it take credit from those who rightly deserve it".
In 2012, the 1983 theatrical cut of Patu! and supporting materials were added to New Zealand's national UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
References
External links
Patu! at IMDb
Full film at NZonScreen
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