- Source: Pleurocera
Pleurocera is a genus of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Pleuroceridae.
Pleurocera is the type genus of that family.
Distribution
All members of the genus Pleurocera are native to eastern North America.
Description
All of the species in this genus have thick-walled high-spired shells, and some attain a length of over 4 cm (1.6 in). The shape of the shell is elongate-conic or cylindrical. The sculpture of the shell is often carinate or costate. The shell of larger species sometimes develops sculpturing and a small siphonal canal or siphonal notch at the base of the aperture.
Opercula are paucispiral and corneous, but may be vestigial in some species, not completely closing the aperture.
The soft parts of the animal usually have a gray or brown coloration, commonly speckled with orange. The similar genus Juga has a seminal receptacle, but Pleurocera has no seminal receptacle.
Species
Species within the genus Pleurocera include:
Pleurocera acuta Rafinesque, 1831 - sharp hornsnail, type species of the genus Pleurocera
Pleurocera alveare Conrad, 1834 - rugged hornsnail
Pleurocera annulifera Conrad, 1834 - ringed hornsnail
Pleurocera attenuata (I. Lea, 1862)
Pleurocera brumbyi I. Lea, 1852 - spiral hornsnail
† Pleurocera burkevillensis Stenzel & F. E. Turner, 1944
Pleurocera canaliculata (Say, 1821) - silty hornsnail
Pleurocera corpulenta Anthony, 1854 - corpulent hornsnail
Pleurocera foremani I. Lea, 1843 - rough hornsnail
† Pleurocera gigantica Naranjo-García & Aguillón, 2019
Pleurocera gradata (J. G. Anthony, 1854) - bottle hornsnail
† Pleurocera guantouensis W. Yü, 1980
† Pleurocera nicolayana (Hartt, 1870)
Pleurocera nobilis (I. Lea, 1845) - noble hornsnail
Pleurocera parva (I. Lea, 1862) - dainty hornsnail
Pleurocera picta (I. Lea, 1841)
Pleurocera postellii (I. Lea, 1862) - broken hornsnail
Pleurocera prasinata (Conrad, 1834) - smooth hornsnail
Pleurocera pyrenella Conrad, 1834 - skirted hornsnail
Pleurocera showalterii I. Lea, 1862 - upland hornsnail
Pleurocera striata (I. Lea, 1862) - striate hornsnail
Pleurocera trochiformis (Conrad, 1834) - sulcate hornsnail
Pleurocera uncialis (Haldeman, 1842) - pagoda hornsnail
Pleurocera vestita (Conrad, 1834) - brook hornsnail
Pleurocera viridula (J. G. Anthony, 1854)
Pleurocera walkeri Goodrich, 1928 - telescope hornsnail
† Pleurocera warrenana (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
Species brought into synonymy
Pleurocera acutum Rafinesque, 1824: synonym of Pleurocera acuta
Pleurocera bicinctum Tryon, 1866: synonym of Pleurocera picta
Pleurocera conradi Tryon, 1865: synonym of Pleurocera pyrenella
† Pleurocera costulatum Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus costulatus (Fuchs, 1870)
Pleurocera currierana (I. Lea, 1863): synonym of Pleurocera brumbyi
Pleurocera curta (Haldeman, 1841: synonym of Pleurocera picta
Pleurocera hinkleyi Goodrich, 1921: synonym of Pleurocera acuta
† Pleurocera kochii Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus kochii (Fuchs, 1870)
† Pleurocera laeve T. Fuchs, 18701: synonym of †Micromelania laevis
Pleurocera leaii Tryon, 1873: synonym of Pleurocera prasinata
Pleurocera lewisii (I. Lea, 1862): synonym of Pleurocera acuta
Pleurocera parkeri Tryon, 1873: synonym of Elimia viennaensis
Pleurocera parkerii Tryon, 1873: synonym of Pleurocera canaliculata
Pleurocera plicatum Tryon, 1863: synonym of Pleurocera alveare
Pleurocera postelli (I. Lea, 1862): synonym of Pleurocera postellii
Pleurocera quadrosa Rafinesque, 1831: synonym of Pleurocera canaliculata
† Pleurocera radmanesti Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Prososthenia radmanesti
† Pleurocera scalariaeforme T. Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus scalariaeformis
† Pleurocera schwabenaui T. Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus schwabenaui
Pleurocera shenandoa Dillon, 2019: synonym of Elimia shenandoa
Pleurocera showalteri: synonym of Pleurocera showalterii
† Pleurocera spinosa (Deshayes, 1834): synonym of †Cerithium spinosum Bruguière, 1792
† Pleurocera strombiforme (Schlotheim, 1820): synonym of †Paraglauconia strombiforme
Pleurocera subulare (I. Lea, 1831): synonym of Pleurocera acuta
† Pleurocera terebriformis (J. Morris, 1859): synonym of †Pachychilus terebriformis
Pleurocera verrucosa Rafinesque, 1820: synonym of Lithasia verrucosa
Nomen nudum
Pleurocera angulata Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera coneola Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera fasciata Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera retusa Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera saxatilis Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera turricula Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera gonula Rafinesque, 1831 (nomen dubium)
Ecology
Most species inhabit larger rivers.
Pleurocera snails are dioecious.
References
External links
Media related to Pleurocera at Wikimedia Commons