• Source: Prodidomidae

Prodidomidae is a family of spider, sometimes called long-spinneret ground spiders. It was formerly regarded as a subfamily of Gnaphosidae, but was raised to a family in 2022.
Spiders in the family are easily identified by the greatly elongated base of the piriform gland spigots. At least parts of their body are covered with shiny scales or setae. The posterior median eyes are flat and silvery, with a triangular, egg-shaped or irregularly rectangular shape.




Biology


Spiders in the Prodidomidae are ground dwellers. Most species are nocturnal and hide during the day in litter, but Myandra species, which are probably mimicking ants, seem to be active during the day. The genus Zimiris is synanthropic and thus found throughout the tropics.




Distribution


Although Theuma walteri was described from Turkmenistan by Eugène Simon, it is suspected that Simon accidentally exchanged its locality with that of Anagraphis pallens (Gnaphosidae); then T. walteri would have been collected in the Cape of Good Hope, while A. pallens is from Turkmenistan.




Genera


Genera included:

Anagrina Berland, 1920 — Africa
Austrodomus Lawrence, 1947 — South Africa
Brasilomma Brescovit, Ferreira & Rheims, 2012
Caudalia Alayón, 1980 — Cuba
Chileomma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, 2005 — Chile
Chileuma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, 2005 — Chile
Chilongius Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, 2005 — Chile
Cryptoerithus Rainbow, 1915 — Australia
Eleleis Simon, 1893 — South Africa
Encoptarthria Main, 1954 — Australia
Indiani Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Lemos, 2020 — Brazil
Katumbea Cooke, 1964 — Tanzania
Lygromma Simon, 1893 — Costa Rica to Brazil, Galapagos
Lygrommatoides Strand, 1918 — Japan
Moreno Mello-Leitão, 1940 — Chile, Argentina
Myandra Simon, 1887 — Australia
Namundra Platnick & Bird, 2007 — Africa
Neozimiris Simon, 1903 — USA, Mexico, Panama, Galapagos, Bahamas
Nomindra Platnick & Baehr, 2006 — Australia
Nopyllus Ott, 2014 — Brazil
Oltacloea Mello-Leitão, 1940 — Brazil, Argentina
Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018
Plutonodomus Cooke, 1964 — Tanzania
Prodida Dalmas, 1919 — Philippines, Seychelles
Prodidomus Hentz, 1847 — Mediterranean, Africa, Australia, Asia, Venezuela, Hawaii
Purcelliana Cooke, 1964 — South Africa
Theuma Simon, 1893 — Africa, Turkmenistan?
Theumella Strand, 1906 — Ethiopia
Tivodrassus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 — Mexico
Tricongius Simon, 1892 — South America
Zimirina Dalmas, 1919 — Spain, Algeria, Canary Islands, South Africa
Zimiris Simon, 1882 — Circumtropical
A 2020 phylogenetic analysis involving 59 species of Prodidominae and 32 outgroup species did not recover Prodidominae as monophyletic because Anagrina did not arise within the subfamily. The study re-established Molycriinae (including genera Cryptoerithus, Molycria, Nomindra, Wesmaldra, and Wydundra) as a distinct subfamily in Gnaphosidae, a sister to Prodidominae.




References






Bibliography


Platnick, N.I. & Penney, D. (2004): A Revision of the Widespread Spider Genus Zimiris (Araneae, Prodidomidae). American Museum Novitates 3450.
Platnick, Norman I. & Baehr, Barbara C. (2006): A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the family Prodidomidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 298: 1-287. (with keys to subfamilies and genera, and picture)
Platnick, Norman I. (2008): The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.




External links



Picture of Molycria flavipes

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Entelegynae
• Laba-laba
• Tarantula
• Theridiidae
• Sicariidae
• Archaeoidea
• Laba-laba peloncat
• Araneomorphae
• Actinopodidae
• Archaeidae
• Prodidomidae
• List of Gnaphosidae species
• List of spiders of Texas
• Domesticus
• Araneomorphae
• Myandra bicincta
• Encoptarthria
• Anagraphis
• Spiders of Australia
• Moreno