• Source: Quaquerni

    • The Quaquerni or Querquerni were an ancient tribe of Gallaecia, living in the Baixa Limia region of southern Galicia, where the Roman fort of Aquis Querquennis has been found.


    Ethnonym




    = Historical sources

    =
    The Quaquerni are also known by the name Quarquerni, Querquernoi, or Quacernoi. Their ethnonym is registered as Κουακερνοί (Kouakernoí), by Greek geographer Ptolemy in his Geographies. Scholars see a possible connection with Venetic Quarqueni, as registered by Pliny and located somewhere in historical Istria.


    = Etymology

    =
    The name Querquerni is probably related to Latin quercus ("oak"), which stems from Proto-Indo-European root *pérkʷus, meaning "oak". It is probably a Q-Celtic formation meaning "the Oak People / Warriors", related to:

    Middle Irish ceirt "apple-tree", Middle Welsh perth "bush", from *kʷerxt-, from an earlier *kʷerkʷt- < *perkʷt-
    the Continental Celtic toponyms Hercynian forest and the Pannonian tribe Hercuniates, where the early delabialization of kʷ before u prevented p.. kʷ > kʷ .. kʷ: so *perkʷunia > *perkunia > *fercunia; note that there is no u after kʷ in *kʷerkʷern-. They are all related to the Germanic branch maybe borrowed from Pre-Celtic *percunia, that is to say : Gothic fairgunni "mountain (covered with oaks)", Anglo-Saxon firgen- "mountain wood", Old High German Fergunna, Virgundia waldus, etc.
    French place names derived from the forms Perciacum, Percoialum, Percunia, Percetum, Erciacum, etc.


    Location


    Ancient sources tell of a place named Aquae Quarquernae. Alternate names are Aquis Querquennis and Aquis Cercennis.


    Relations to other tribes


    The Quaquerni were a subdivision of the Gallaeci Bracarii.


    See also


    Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula


    References




    Bibliography


    [Querquerni https://www.lexilogos.com/latin/gaffiot.php?p=1296] in: Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français. Hachette.
    Bosch-Gimpera Pedro. Les mouvements celtiques. Essai de reconstitution (suite). In: Etudes Celtiques, vol. 6, fascicule 1, 1952. pp. 71–126. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.1952.1248]; www.persee.fr/doc/ecelt_0373-1928_1952_num_6_1_1248
    Bosch-Gimpera, Pedro. Les mouvements celtiques. Essai de reconstitution (suite). In: Etudes Celtiques, vol. 6, fascicule 2, 1953. pp. 328–355. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.1953.1265]; www.persee.fr/doc/ecelt_0373-1928_1953_num_6_2_1265
    Broëns, Maurice. L’Onomastique domaniale entre Plateau Central et Garonne au VIIe siècle, d’après les textes (suite). In: Revue Internationale d'Onomastique, 8e année N°4, décembre 1956. pp. 241–265. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/rio.1956.1564] www.persee.fr/doc/rio_0048-8151_1956_num_8_4_1564
    Carnoy, Albert. Le chêne dans la toponymie et la linguistique. In: Revue Internationale d'Onomastique, 10e année N°2, juin 1958. pp. 81–101. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/rio.1958.1615]; www.persee.fr/doc/rio_0048-8151_1958_num_10_2_1615
    Falileyev, Alexander (2007) [1997]. Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-Names. Aberystwyth University. Entries: Aquae Quarquernae and Quarquerni.
    Guerra, Amilcar. (2005). Povos, cultura e língua no Ocidente Peninsular: uma perspectiva, a partir da toponomástica. Palaeohispánica: Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua, ISSN 1578-5386, Nº. 5, 2005 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Actas del IX coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas (Barcelona, 20-24 de octubre de 2004)), pp. 793–822.
    Luján Martinez, Eugenio R. (2006) "The Language(s) of the Callaeci," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6, Article 16. pp. 715–748. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/16
    Moralejo, Juan J. "Labiovelares en material galaico y lusitano". In: Callaica Nomina: Estudios de Onomástica Gallega. Biblioteca Filolóxica Galega. Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza, D.L. 2007. pp. 209–243. [originally from: Verba, Anuario Galego de Filoloxía 30 (2003). pp. 33–58]
    Olivares Pedreno, Juan Carlos. Los Ástures del conventus lucensis y el culto al dios Lug en el noroeste de Hispania. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 36, n°2, 2010. pp. 117–136.[DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.2010.3234]; www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_2010_num_36_2_3234
    Orejas, Almudena et Sastre Prat, Inés. Fiscalité et organisation du territoire dans le Nord-Ouest de la Péninsule Ibérique: civitates, tribut et ager mensura comprehensus. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 25, n°1, 1999. pp. 159–188. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.1999.1529]; www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1999_num_25_1_1529
    Rivas Fernández, Juan Carlos. "Un nuevo testimonio epigráfico de los quarquerni y otras cuestiones en torno a la civitas de este pueble". In: Boletín Auriensem Tomo 9. 1979. pp. 51–66. ISSN 0210-8445
    Rhys, John. "II. The Celts and the other Aryans of the P and Q Groups". In: Transactions of the Philological SocietyVolume 22, Issue 1. Oxford: Published for the Society by B. Blackwell. 1893 [December, 1891]. pp. 104–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968X.1891.tb00643.x
    Suarez, Plácido. "La estructuración territorial y étnica del Conventus Bracarensis". In: MINIUS. Revista do Departamento de Historia, Arte e Xeografía. Universidade de Vigo. Servizo de Publicacións. Nº X, 2002. pp. 111–134.


    External links


    Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)

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