• Source: R-29RM

      • The R-29RM (Russian: Р-29РМ, NATO reporting name SS-N-23 Skiff) was a liquid propellant, submarine-launched ballistic missile in use by the Russian Navy. It had the alternate Russian designations RSM-54 and GRAU index 3M27. It was designed to be launched from the Delta IV submarine, each of which is capable of carrying 16 missiles. The R-29RM could carry four 100 kiloton warheads and had a range of about 8,500 kilometres (5,300 mi). They were replaced with the newer R-29RMU2 Sineva and later with the enhanced variant R-29RMU2.1 Layner.


      History




      = Development

      =
      Development of the R-29RM started in 1979 at the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau. The navy accepted the armament in 1986 and subsequently installed the D-9RM launch system consisting of a cluster of 16 R-29RM on board the nuclear-propelled Project 667BDRM submarines.


      = Operation Behemoth

      =

      On 6 August 1991 at 21:09, K-407 Novomoskovsk, under the command of Captain Second Rank Sergey Yegorov, became the world's only submarine to successfully launch an all-missile salvo, launching 16 R-29RM (RSM-54) ballistic missiles of the total weight of almost 700 tons in 244 seconds (operation code name "Behemoth-2"). All the missile hit their designated targets at the Kura Missile Test Range in Kamchatka.


      = Space Launch Vehicle

      =
      Several R-29RM were retrofitted as Shtil' carrier rockets to be launched by Delta-class submarines, the submarines being mobile can send a payload directly into a heliosynchronous orbit, notably used by imaging satellites. Outside the confines of the Russian military, this capability has been used commercially to place three out of four microsatellites into a low Earth orbit with one cancellation assigned to the Baikonur Cosmodrome for better financial terms.


      = End of service

      =
      The last boat carrying R-29RM, K-51 Verkhoturye, went into refit to be rearmed with the newer R-29RMU Sineva on 23 August 2010.


      Operators




      = Former operators

      =
      Russia
      Russian Navy (1992-2010)
      Soviet Union
      Soviet Navy (1986-1991)


      See also


      R-29 Vysota
      R-29RMU Sineva
      R-29RMU2 Layner
      RSM-56 Bulava
      Kanyon
      UGM-133 Trident II
      M45 (missile)
      M51 (missile)
      JL-1
      JL-2
      K Missile family
      Pukkuksong-1
      R-39 Rif
      R-39M


      References




      External links


      CSIS Missile Threat SS-N-23
      IDB RSM-54 (R-29RM) 3M37, SS-N-23 "Skiff" (Russian) Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
      Russian nuclear delivery systems at the Center for Defense Information

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