• Source: Rhodanese

Rhodanese is a mitochondrial enzyme that detoxifies cyanide (CN−) by converting it to thiocyanate (SCN−, also known as "rhodanate"). In enzymatology, the common name is listed as thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.1). The diagram on the right shows the crystallographically-determined structure of rhodanese.
It catalyzes the following reaction:

thiosulfate + cyanide



⇌


{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }

sulfite + thiocyanate




Structure and mechanism


This reaction takes place in two steps. In the first step, thiosulfate is reduced by the thiol group on cysteine-247 1, to form a persulfide and a sulfite 2. In the second step, the persulfide reacts with cyanide to produce thiocyanate, re-generating the cysteine thiol 1.

Rhodanese shares evolutionary relationship with a large family of proteins, including:

Cdc25 phosphatase catalytic domain
non-catalytic domains of eukaryotic dual-specificity MAPK-phosphatases
non-catalytic domains of yeast PTP-type MAPK-phosphatases
non-catalytic domains of yeast Ubp4, Ubp5, Ubp7
non-catalytic domains of mammalian Ubp-Y
Drosophila heat shock protein HSP-67BB
several bacterial cold-shock and phage shock proteins
plant senescence associated proteins
catalytic and non-catalytic domains of rhodanese
Rhodanese has an internal duplication. This domain is found as a single copy in other proteins, including phosphatases and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases.




Clinical relevance


This reaction is important for the treatment of exposure to cyanide, since the thiocyanate formed is around 1 / 200 as toxic.:p. 15938 The use of thiosulfate solution as an antidote for cyanide poisoning is based on the activation of this enzymatic cycle.




Human proteins


The human mitochondrial rhodanese gene is TST.
The following other human genes match the "Rhodanese-like" domain on InterPro, but are not the rodanase with its catalytic activity (see also the list of related families in #Structure and mechanism):

M-phase inducer phosphatase: CDC25A; CDC25B; CDC25C;
Dual specificity protein phosphatase: DUSP; DUSP1; DUSP2; DUSP4; DUSP5; DUSP6; DUSP7; DUSP10; DUSP16, aka MKP7;
Thiosulfate:glutathione sulfurtransferase: KAT, now known as "TSTD1";
Adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase: MOCS3;
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase: MPST, also known as "TSTD2"
Not an enzyme: TBCK; TSGA14;
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase: USP8;
Unknown activity: TSTD3




Nomenclature


Although the standard nomenclature rules for enzymes indicate that their names are to end with the letters "-ase", rhodanese was first described in 1933, prior to the 1955 establishment of the Enzyme Commission; as such, the older name had already attained widespread usage.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is "thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase". Other names in common use include "thiosulfate cyanide transsulfurase", "thiosulfate thiotransferase", "rhodanese", and "rhodanase".




References






External links



Rhodanese at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Sianida
• Rhodanese
• Cyanide poisoning
• Mithridatism
• Cyanide
• 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
• Thiocyanate
• Amygdalin
• Acetonitrile
• Cyanogen halide
• TST (gene)