• Source: Ribes aureum

Ribes aureum, known by the common names golden currant, clove currant, pruterberry and buffalo currant, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Ribes native to North America.




Description


The plant is a small to medium-sized deciduous shrub, 2–3 metres (6+1⁄2–10 feet) tall. The leaves are green, semi-leathery, with 3 or 5 lobes, and turn red in autumn.
The plant blooms in spring with racemes of conspicuous golden yellow flowers, often with a pronounced, spicy fragrance similar to that of cloves or vanilla. Flowers may also be shades of cream to reddish, and are borne in clusters of up to 15. The shrub produces berries about 1 centimetre (3⁄8 inch) in diameter from an early age. The ripe fruits are amber yellow to black. Those of variety villosum are black.




Taxonomy


The species belongs to the subgenus Ribes, which contains other currants such as the blackcurrant (R. nigrum) and redcurrant (R. rubrum), and is the sole member of the section Symphocalyx.




= Varieties

=
Ribes aureum var. aureum: below 910 m (3,000 ft) in the western U.S.
Ribes aureum var. gracillimum: below 910 m (3,000 ft) in the California Coast Ranges
Ribes aureum var. villosum – clove currant (syn: Ribes odoratum); native west of Mississippi River, but naturalized further to the east




Distribution and habitat


Ribes aureum is native to Canada and the central United States west of the Mississippi River, but has escaped cultivation and naturalized in the eastern United States.
It can be found around gravel banks and plains around flowing water.




Ecology


Pollinators of the plant include hummingbirds, butterflies and bees. The fruit is eaten by various birds and mammals.
This currant species is susceptible to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), a fungus which attacks and kills pines, so it is sometimes eradicated from forested areas where the fungus is active to prevent its spread.




Cultivation


R. aureum is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant, in traditional, native plant, drought tolerant, and wildlife gardens, and natural landscaping projects. Named cultivars have been also introduced.
Although the flowers are hermaphroditic, the yield is greatly benefited by cross-pollination.




Uses


The fruits are edible raw, but are very tart or bitter. They are usually cooked with sugar and can be made into jelly. The flowers are also edible.
The berries were used for food, and other plant parts for medicine, by various Native American groups across its range in North America.




References






External links



Jepson Manual Treatment – Ribes aureum
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile: Ribes aureum (golden currant)
University of Washington, Burke Museum
Line drawing for Flora of Pakistan
"Ribes aureum". Plants for a Future.
Ribes aureum in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Ribes
• Daftar spesies Ribes
• Flora Lebanon
• Ribes aureum
• Ribes
• List of Ribes species
• R. aureum
• List of forageable plants
• List of species described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Panonychus ulmi
• List of flora of Ohio
• List of flora of Pennsylvania
• California State University Northridge Botanic Garden