• Source: Russian River State Marine Reserve and Russian River State Marine Conservation Area

russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River state" target="_blank">State marine" target="_blank">Marine Recreational Management Area (SMRMA) and russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River state" target="_blank">State marine" target="_blank">Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) are two adjoining marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas in the russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River estuary area in Sonoma County, California, on the north-central coast of the state" target="_blank">state. The combined area of these marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas is 1.21 square miles (3.1 km2), with 0.35 square miles (0.91 km2) in the SMRMA and 0.86 square miles (2.2 km2) in the SMCA.
In the russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMRMA, the taking of all living marine" target="_blank">marine resources except recreational hunting of waterfowl is prohibited, unless otherwise restricted by hunting regulations. In the russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMCA, the taking of all living marine" target="_blank">marine resources is prohibited, except the recreational and commercial trapping of Dungeness crab and the taking of Hypomesus pretiosus (surf smelt) by hand-held dip nets or beach nets.




History


The areas are two of the 22 marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas adopted by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in August 2009, during the second phase of the marine" target="_blank">Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. The MLPAI is a collaborative public process to create a statewide network of protected areas along California's coastline.
The north central coast's new marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas were designed by local divers, fishermen, conservationists and scientists who comprised the North Central Coast Regional Stakeholder Group. Their job was to design a network of protected areas that would preserve sensitive sea life and habitats while enhancing recreation, study and education opportunities.
The north central coast marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas took effect May 1, 2010.




Geography and natural features


russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMRMA and russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMCA are two adjoining marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas that protect the russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River Estuary in Sonoma County on California's north central coast. The russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River flows through Goat Rock Beach within Sonoma Coast state" target="_blank">State Beach into the Pacific Ocean. The estuary is closed seasonally by a sandbar.
russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMRMA includes the waters below the mean high tide line eastward of the mouth of the russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River Estuary defined as a line connecting the following two points:

38°27.16′N 123°7.91′W and
38°27.01′N 123°7.74′W
and westward of the Highway 1 Bridge.
russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMCA bounded by the mean high tide line, the mouth of the russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River
estuary as defined in subsection 632(b)(14)(A), and straight lines connecting the following points in the order listed:

38°27.38′N 123°8.58′W
38°26.38′N 123°8.58′W and
38°26.38′N 123°7.7′W.




Habitat and wildlife


The russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River Estuary is an important nursery for crab and salmon and has diverse estuarine habitats such as eelgrass beds and mudflats. The seasonal sandbar provides an important harbor seal haul out and hosts various seabird colonies. The russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMR and SMCA protect steelhead and russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River chinook and coho salmon, which aggregate at the mouth of the estuary during seasonal sandbar closures.




Recreation and nearby attractions


Sonoma Coast state" target="_blank">State Beach is a series of beaches that extends 13 miles (21 km) from Bodega Bay to the russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River. There are more than a dozen access points to Sonoma Coast state" target="_blank">State Beach along state" target="_blank">State Highway 1, and the Sonoma Coast Trail connects many of the secret beaches hidden by rocky coves and tall bluffs. Beachcombing, fishing and picnicking are common activities. During spring, flowers like blue lupine and Indian paintbrush are common. Sonoma Coast state" target="_blank">State Park has four campgrounds that include developed and primitive sites.
russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMRMA prohibits the take of all living marine" target="_blank">marine resources, except recreational hunting of waterfowl, unless otherwise restricted by hunting regulations. russian" target="_blank">Russian river" target="_blank">River SMCA prohibits take of all living marine" target="_blank">marine resources, except recreational and commercial take of Dungeness crab by trap and take of surf smelt by hand-held dip nets or beach nets. However, California's marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean. Activities such as kayaking, diving, snorkeling, and swimming are allowed unless otherwise restricted.




Scientific monitoring


As specified by the marine" target="_blank">Marine Life Protection Act, select marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas along California's central coast are being monitored by scientists to track their effectiveness and learn more about ocean health. Similar studies in marine" target="_blank">marine protected areas located off of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands have already detected gradual improvements in fish size and number.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Cakupan Google Street View
• Russian River State Marine Reserve and Russian River State Marine Conservation Area
• Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area
• Batiquitos Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area
• Montara State Marine Reserve and Pillar Point State Marine Conservation Area
• Carmel Bay State Marine Conservation Area
• Asilomar State Marine Reserve
• Salt Point State Marine Conservation Area
• Point Sur State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area
• Fitzgerald Marine Reserve
• Campus Point State Marine Conservation Area