- Source: Salaverry-Santa Cruz War
The Salaverry-Santa Cruz War, sometimes called the Peruvian Civil War of 1835–1836, was an internal conflict in Peru with the involvement of the Bolivian army of Andres de Santa Cruz. It ended with the defeat and execution of Felipe Santiago Salaverry and the creation of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
Context
In 1834, a civil war had been fought between Pedro Pablo Bermúdez and Agustín Gamarra on the one hand against Luis José de Orbegoso and Felipe Salaverry on the other hand. The war was won by the constitutional President Luis José de Orbegoso.
In 1835, while President Luis Orbegoso was travelling to the south, his former ally General Felipe Salaverry proclaimed himself Supreme Head of the Republic on 23 February 1835, deposing Orbegoso. Orbegoso fled to Bolivia and asked Andrés de Santa Cruz, president of Bolivia, for his support to overthrow the Salaverry government.
Santa Cruz was alarmed by Salaverry's coup, who also received the support of his former enemy General Agustín Gamarra.
Santa Cruz agreed to invade Peru to overthrow them, since Orbegoso would not be able to confront Salaverry and Gamarra alone.
The War
There were 4 major battles in this war:
The Battle of Yanacocha (13 August 1835), , where Santa Cruz defeated Agustín Gamarra and Santa Cruz's army lost 211 men and 71 wounded, while Gamarra's army lost 400 men and 985 taken prisoner.
At Cobija on 24 September, where Felipe Salaverry conquered the Bolivian port.
The Battle of Uchumayo (Arequipa) on 4 February 1836, where Salaverry defeated Santa Cruz and Santa Cruz's army lost 315 men.
At Socabaya (Arequipa) on 7 February 1836, where Santa Cruz defeated Salaverry in one of the bloodiest battles in the history of Peru. In this battle Salaverry, self-proclaimed President of Peru, was taken prisoner and shot in the plaza of Arequipa.
Consequences
After the civil war was won, Santa Cruz and Orbegoso merged their two countries into the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. This alarmed neighboring countries Chile and Argentina and led to the War of the Confederation and Tarija War. After defeat in War of the Confederation and growing internal resistance by Conservative factions in Peru, the Peru–Bolivian Confederation was dissolved in 1839.
References
Bibliography
Colección de documentos y de sucessos notables en las campañas de pacificación del Perú
Historia de Bolivia, 5º edición, editorial Gisbert.
http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01316119700682055644802/p0000003.htm
Basadre, Jorge. La Iniciación de la república: contribución al estudio de la evolución política y social del Perú. Lima: UNMSM, Fondo Editorial, 2002. ISBN 9972-46-196-3
Basadre, Jorge: Historia de la República del Perú. 1822 - 1933, Octava Edición, corregida y aumentada. Tomos 1 y 2. Editada por el Diario "La República" de Lima y la Universidad "Ricardo Palma". Impreso en Santiago de Chile, 1998.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Salaverry-Santa Cruz War
- War of the Confederation
- Andrés de Santa Cruz
- Peruvian Civil War of 1834
- Capture of Cobija
- Battle of Uchumayo
- Bolivian occupation of Peru
- Peruvian–Bolivian War
- United Restoration Army
- List of wars: 1800–1899
