74 min
- Source: Sanie language
Sanie (autonym: sɑ21 ɲɛ21 or sɑ21 ŋʷɛ21) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is similar to Samataw. There were 17,320 ethnic Sanie in 1998, but only about 8,000 spoke the Sanie language fluently. The Sanie are also known as the White Yi (白彝) (Bradley 1997).
A Sanie pinyin orthography had also been developed recently (Bradley 2005).
Names
Ngwi, David Bradley's reconstruction for the autonym of Loloish speakers, is based on the Sanie autonym sɑ21 ŋʷɛ21 (also pronounced sɑ21 ɲɛ21 by some speakers) (Bradley 2005). Proto-Ngwi *ŋw- changed into ɲ- or n- in most modern Loloish languages.
Dialects
Bradley (2005) reports significant variation in the Sanie language, and briefly compares the following 6 dialects.
East: Zhaozong 昭宗 (also in Huahongyuan and Yuhua)
Southeast: Chejiabi 车家壁 (also in Shiju)
Northeast: Gulu 古律
North: Qinghe 清河
Northwest: Luomian 罗免
Southwest: Tuoji 妥吉
Bradley (2005) notes that the Sanie varieties spoken in the plains of Xishan District in Heilingpu, Zhaozong, and Biji Townships are particularly conservative. The East and Southeast dialects are particularly conservative in that they preserve Proto-Loloish labiovelars; the speakers call themselves the sɑ˨˩ŋʷi˨˩.
Northwest of Kunming, Sanie is locally known as Minglang 明廊, and it is sometimes classified as a Sani dialect. It is spoken in Wuding County (Lower Lemei Village 下乐美 of Chadian Township 插甸乡, and Tianxin Village 田心 of Gaoqiao Township 高桥镇) and Maoshan Township 茂山乡, Luquan County; it is probably also spoken in Fumin County. Gao (2017) reports high intermarriage rates between the Minglang and other neighboring ethnic groups.
Distribution
Sanie is spoken in 76 villages, 3 of which are mixed with Nasu (Bradley 2005). 58 of these villages are in Xishan District, 13 in southwestern Fumin County, and 5 in northwestern Anning County.
Fumin County
Yongding Township: 11 villages (1,121 people)
Qinghe Village Cluster: 5 villages
Wayao Village Cluster: 6 villages (some very close to the county seat)
Mailongqing, Mailong Village Cluster, Daying Township 大营镇: 160 people
Xishan District (core Sanie area)
Gulu Township 古律彝族白族乡: 29 villages (3,390 Sanie people, < 3,000 Sanie speakers)
Gulu Village Cluster: 7 villages (868 Sanie people)
Duomu Village Cluster: 6 villages (1,442 Sanie people)
Lemu Village Cluster: 3 villages (1 of which is mixed with Nasu people)
Tuopai Village Cluster: 8 villages (394 Sanie people)
Tuanjie Township 团结彝族白族乡
Daxing Village Cluster: 7 villages (1,936 people)
Damei Village Cluster: 3 villages (2,322 people)
Qitai Village Cluster: 3 villages (2,126 people)
Tuoji Village Cluster: 6 villages (1,042 Sanie people)
Longtan Village Cluster: 1 village (585 Sanie people)
Yuhua Village Cluster: 3 villages (1,762 Sanie people)
Huahongyuan Village Cluster: 1 village (658 Sanie people, with 238 Han Chinese people); language is endangered
Heilingpu Township
Zhaozong Village Cluster: 3 villages (754 people, 195 households), which are Zhaozong Dacun, Zhaozong Xiaocun, Hedi
Majie Township 马街
Shiju village
Biji Township 碧鸡: 176 people
Chejiabi village: 750 Yi people
Anning County: 5 villages (317 Sanie people, < 300 Sanie speakers)
Zhaojiazhuang Village Cluster, Qinglong Township: 4 villages; language is similar to that of Luze, southern Gulu Township
Houshanlang Village Cluster: 1 village (153 people) called Qingmenkou
References
= Bibliography
=Bradley, David. 2005. "Sanie and language loss in China".International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Volume 2005, Issue 173, Pp. 159–176.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Sanie language
- Sanie
- Lolo-Burmese languages
- Proto-Loloish language
- La Sanie des siècles – Panégyrique de la dégénérescence
- Loloish languages
- Samu language
- Sanie cu zurgălăi
- Rajaa al-Sanea
- Sanie-Dąb
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