- Source: Sex differences in narcissism
In gender studies, the analysis of gender differences in narcissism shows that male narcissism and female narcissism differ in a number of aspects.
Jeffrey Kluger, in his 2014 book The Narcissist Next Door suggested that our society, still largely patriarchal, is more likely to tolerate male narcissism and aggressiveness than these of females. This assertion was voiced, although without definite proof, by a number of other researchers.
In 2015 a number of media outlets reported about a study at the University at Buffalo which analyzed 31 years of data of narcissism research and concluded that men consistently scored higher in the first two of three aspects of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: leadership/authority, exploitative/entitlement, and grandiose/exhibitionism. The team leader of the research commented that on average this difference is slight (a one-quarter of a standard deviation) and there was almost no difference in the exhibitionism dimension (which covers such aspects as vanity, self-absorption and attention-seeking). She notices that a similar degree of difference is observed for other personality traits, e.g., slightly higher neuroticism for women or slightly higher risk-taking for men. The reasons of reported gender difference were outside the scope of the study, however the authors speculated that it is rooted in historically established social conventions about what is acceptable for a particular gender and what are the traditional social roles for genders.
A number of earlier studies (on smaller scales) reported similar bias. A further indication for the trend was a 2008 finding that the lifetime narcissistic personality disorder is more prevalent for men (7.7%) than for women (4.8%).
A 2023 comprehensive study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology measured gender differences in narcissism among a sample size of over 250,000 people, found that men scored higher in narcissism than women.
References
Further reading
William Beers, Women and Sacrifice: Male Narcissism and the Psychology of Religion, Wayne State University Press, Ph.D., thesis, Hardcover – August 1, 1992, ISBN 0-8143-2377-4, 216pp (a review and excerpt in Consuming Religion: Christian Faith and Practice in a Consumer Culture )
Scott W. Keiller, Kent State University, "Male Narcissism and Attitudes Toward Heterosexual Women and Men, Lesbian Women, and Gay Men: Hostility toward Heterosexual Women Most of All", Sex Roles, 63(7-8), 530–541. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9837-8 (Article review at Science Daily)
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Daftar pemenang Hadiah Ig Nobel
- Sex differences in narcissism
- Sex differences in humans
- Sex differences in psychology
- Sex differences in medicine
- Sex differences in human physiology
- Sex differences in intelligence
- Narcissistic personality disorder
- Sex differences in education
- Neuroscience of sex differences
- Sex differences in crime
