74 min
- Source: Spanish nobility in Cuba
Cuban nobility encompasses all the individuals and families recognized in Cuba as members of the aristocratic class, hence possessing inheritance privileges.
History
The 19th century Spanish Empire saw much of its power weakened by its rival countries (France and the United Kingdom), it also saw many of its colonies in America being influenced by the republican ideologies of the recently independent United States. In an effort to strengthen its holdings, the Spanish Crown decided to grant titles of nobility to much of the colonial aristocracy. This bestowing of royal grace made the recipients loyal to the Crown, and more assimilated to the Iberian titled nobility. No other Spanish colony received as many grants of noble titles as Cuba, a jewel of the late Spanish Empire.
The Cuban aristocracy had always attempted to create a second Paris or Madrid in its main cities of Havana, Matanzas and Santiago de Cuba. Elegant, rich decorated manors, governmental buildings, opera houses, play houses, palaces, etc. covered the streets of the capital. The Spanish Crown was not the only entity to award titles of nobility, the Catholic Church made use of its authority to also award titles in the island. Families, through marriage and inheritance, also bore European titles, such as those from France, Italy (including the former Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies) as well as Germany.
The non-royal titles issued in Cuba follow the Spanish designation and resembled those of continental Europe. They were those of: Duke (Duque), Marquis (Marqués), Count (Conde), Viscount (Vizconde), Baron (Barón), Lord (Señor)—in that order of importance and social standing. The title of Grandee of Spain was usually annexed to another noble title but may also be bestowed on a person without a traditional noble title, in the last case the person would have Grandee of Spain written after his name; all Grandees are addressed as Excellency, the title being equal to that of a Duke and all Dukes are Grandees. Titles bestowed often had the name of a place in Cuba (e.g. Marqués de Pinar del Rio, Conde de Yumurí), the surname of the family (e.g. Marqués de Azpesteguia, Conde de Casa (house) Montalvo) or in remembrance of some Royal favor or deed (e.g. Marqués de la Gratitud, Marqués de la Real Proclamación).
After the revolution of 1898, many of these nobles stayed in the island, or moved to other former Spanish colonies, such as Puerto Rico; some returned to Spain. Although the new Republic of Cuba did not give itself the power to create and bestow new titles of nobility, it did not interfere with the already established tradition. Many families who possessed noble titles continued to use them, and the public respected their historical meaning and social position.
This all changed when Cuban Revolution took place on the island; soon the Communist government moved against these nobles, forcing many to return to Spain or into exile in the United States.
The last titled nobleman to live in Cuba, Don Ignacio Ponce de León y Ponce de León, Marqués de Aguas Claras and Count de Casa Ponce de León y Maroto died in La Habana in 1973 leaving a remaining descendant.
List of noble titles bestowed by Spanish monarchs or inherited by Cubans
Duque de Mola (grandee of Spain) (title canceled in 2022)
Duque de la Torre (grandee of Spain)
Duque de la Union de Cuba (grandee of Spain)
Marqués de Aguas Claras
Marqués de Aguero
Marqués de Almendares
Marqués de Alta Gracia
Marqués de Arcos
Marqués de Arguelles
Marqués de Aviles
Marqués de Azpezteguia
Marqués de Balboa
Marqués de Bayamo
Marqués de Bellamar
Marqués de Bellavista
Marqués de Campo Florido
Marqués de la Candelaria de Yarayabo
Marqués de Cardenas de Montehermoso
Marqués de Casa Calvo
Marqués de Casa Enrile
Marqués de Casa Montalvo
Marqués de Casa Nuñez de Villavicencio y Jura Real
Marqués de Casa Peñalver
Marqués de Casa Sandoval
Marqués de Casa Torres
Marques de Casa Vidal
Marqués de Cienfuegos
Marqués de las Delicias de Tempu
Marqués de Diana
Marqués de Du-Quesne
Marqués de Esteva de las Delicias
Marqués de Garcillan
Marqués de la Gratitud
Marqués de Guaimaro
Marqués de Guisa
Marqués de la Habana (grandee of Spain)
Marqués de Justiz de Santa Ana
Marqués de Marianao
Marqués de Montsalud
Marqusé del Morro
Marqués de Pinar del Rio
Marqués de Placetas
Marqués de Prado Ameno
Marqués de O'Gavan
Marqués de O'Reilly
Marqués de Real Agrado
Marqués de la Real Campina
Marqués de la Real Proclamación
Marqués del Real Socorro
Marqués de las Regueras
Marqués de San Carlos de Pedroso
Marqués de San Felipe y Santiago de Bejucal
Marqués de San Miguel de Bejucal
Marqués de Santa Ana y Santa Maria
Marqués de Santa Lucia
Marqués de Santa Olalla
Marqués de Santa Rosa
Marqués de Tiedra
Marqués de Valero de Urria
Marqués de las Victoria de las Tunas
Marqués de Villamejor
Marqués de Villa Siciliana
Conde de Asalto
Conde de Bayona
Conde de Campo Alegre
Conde de Canimar
Conde de Casa Barreto
Conde de Casa Bayona
Conde de Casa Brunet
Conde de Casa Lombillo
Conde de Casa Pedroso y Barro
Conde de Casa Miró
Conde de Casa Montalvo
Conde de Casa More
Conde de Casa Ponce de Leon y Maroto
Conde de Casa Romero
Conde del Castillo de Cuba (grandee of Spain)
Conde de Cuba
Conde de Diana
Conde de Fernandina de Jagua (grandee of Spain)
Conde de Galarza
Conde de Gibacoa
Conde de Ibanez
Conde de Lagunillas
Conde de Macuriges
Conde de Mandan
Conde de la Montera
Conde de Morales
Conde de O'Reilly
Conde de Peñalver
Conde de Pozos Dulces
Conde del Puente
Conde de Revilla de Camargo
Conde de la Reunion de Cuba
Conde de Sagunto
Conde de San Fernando de Peñalver
Conde de San Ignacio
Conde de San Juan de Jaruco
Conde de San Rafael de Luyano
Conde de Santa Clara
Conde de Santa Cruz de Mopox (grandee of Spain)
Conde de Santa Inez
Conde de Santa Maria de Loreto
Conde de Santovenia
Conde de Vallellano
Conde de Venadito
Conde de Vidal
Conde de Villanueva (grandee of Spain)
Conde de Yumurí
Conde de Zaldivar
Vizconde de la Bahia Honda de la Real Fedelidad
Vizconde de Canet del Mar
Vizconde de Cuba
Vizconde de los Remedios
Vizconde de Santa Clara
Vizconde de Valenmar
Vizconde de Valvanera
Baron de Maials
References
Literature
Rafael Nieto y Cortadellas. Dignidades nobiliarias en Cuba. Madrid, 1954. 669 p.
External links
Titles of Nobility Cuba 1958
Titles dropped by Cubans (New York Times)
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Spanish nobility in Cuba
- Hidalgo (nobility)
- Spanish–American War
- Count of Rivero
- Nobility
- Hernán Cortés
- Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
- Music of Cuba
- Nobility of Georgia (country)
- Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso
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