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    • Source: State coach
    • A state coach, also known as a gala coach, is a highly decorative ceremonial coach used in Europe by a monarch or head of state on state occasions. A four-wheeled vehicle for four passengers, it may be drawn at a walk by six or more horses with postilions, or be driven by two or more horses. The term is also used to indicate a formal town coach used by nobility and the wealthy for formal occasions, drawn by a pair of matching horses.: 154 : 101, 102 
      A state chariot, also called a gala chariot or dress chariot, is an elaborately decorated four-wheeled vehicle for two passengers for ceremonial occasions; often the front panel is replaced by a glass panel or windscreen.: 44, 154 : 85  The word chariot was used in England, and coupé in France.: 95 


      Overview


      The first state coach was built in the mid-1500s by Walter Rippon for the State Opening of Parliament,: 72 : 20  and most had been built by 1840.: 102  State coaches are still used for royal weddings and other state ceremonial events.
      State coaches were built by the best coachbuilders with excellent craftsmanship and the finest finishes. Most state coaches have large glass windows so that their passengers can be seen by spectators. The interiors are trimmed in silks and the exteriors decorated with elaborate paintings, figures, coats of arms, gilt-work, and hammercloths. The coachman and footmen wear state livery and the horses are harnessed with ornate state harness.: 255–6 

      The coachmen, footmen, and postilions on state coaches wore ornate livery to match the grandeur of the coaches themselves. ... dressed in appropriately ornate livery coats, richly embellished with gold cords and strappings, worn with silk knee breeches, silk stockings, buckled shoes, and a cocked hat.
      Early state coaches in England were drawn by cream-colored horses of Hanoverian blood. In the early 1920s they were replaced by black horses. Now, teams of greys are used for the Sovereign, and bay horses are used for other passengers. Horses may be driven, or ridden by postilion.: 97, 255–6 
      Another type of state coach is the cardinal's coach, which was painted red and used by cardinals.: 48 : 97 


      List of state coaches




      Gallery



      A sampling of the variety of state coaches and chariots


















      Notes




      References




      Further reading


      Damase, Jacques (1968). Carriages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. OL 5604950M.

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