• Source: Stile antico

Stile antico (literally "ancient style", Italian pronunciation: [ˈstiːle anˈtiːko]), is a term describing a manner of musical composition from the sixteenth century onwards that was historically conscious, as opposed to stile moderno, which adhered to more modern trends. Prima pratica (Italian, 'first practice') refers to early Baroque music which looks more to the style of Palestrina, or the style codified by Gioseffo Zarlino, than to more "modern" styles. It is contrasted with seconda pratica music. These terms are synonymous to stile antico and stile moderno, respectively.




History


Stile antico has been associated with composers of the high Baroque and early Classical periods of music, in which composers used controlled dissonance and modal effects and avoided overtly instrumental textures and lavish ornamentation, to imitate the compositional style of the late Renaissance. Stile antico was deemed appropriate in the conservative confines of church music, or as a compositional exercise as in J. J. Fux's Gradus Ad Parnassum (1725), the classic textbook on strict counterpoint. Much of the music associated with this style looks to the music of Palestrina as a model.
The term prima pratica was first used during the conflict between Giovanni Artusi and Claudio Monteverdi about the new musical style. For 18th-century composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, stile antico can refer to music composed as late as the early years of that century (e.g. by Antonio Lotti, Pietro Torri), a style Bach would imitate more frequently in his later compositions (starting in the 1730s, up to his death in 1750).




= Monteverdi's era

=
In the early Baroque Claudio Monteverdi and his brother coined the term prima pratica to refer to the older style of Palestrina, and seconda pratica to refer to Monteverdis' music.
At first, prima pratica referred only to the style of approaching and leaving dissonances. In his Seconda parte dell'Artusi (1603), Giovanni Artusi writes about the new style of dissonances, referring specifically to the practice of not properly preparing dissonances (see Counterpoint), and rising after a flattened note or descending after a sharpened note. In another book, his L'Artusi, overo Delle imperfettioni della moderna musica (1600) ("The Artusi, or imperfections of modern music") Artusi had also attacked Monteverdi specifically, using examples from his madrigal "Cruda Amarilli" to discredit the new style.
Monteverdi responded in a preface to his fifth book of madrigals, and his brother Giulio Cesare Monteverdi responded in Scherzi Musicali (1607) to Artusi's attacks on Monteverdi's music, advancing the view that the old music subordinated text to music, whereas in the new music the text dominated the music. Old rules of counterpoint could be broken in service of the text. According to Giulio Cesare, these concepts were a hearkening back to ancient Greek musical practice.




= 18th–19th century

=
The great composers of the late Baroque all wrote compositions in the stile antico, especially Bach. His Mass in B minor has sections written in stile antico which contrast with up-to-date Baroque idioms. Later composers such as Haydn and Mozart also used stile antico. Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, written after the composer's study of Palestrina, is a late flowering of the style.



Late Baroque


For 18th-century composers such as Bach, stile antico can refer to music composed as late as the early years of that century, for example by Antonio Lotti and Pietro Torri. Bach's interest in this style grew in the 1730s, and in the last two decades of his life (1730s–1740s) he would write in this style more frequently, leading to an outspoken style shift in this composer's work around 1740.



Classical era




Romantic era





References






Sources


Stephen R. Miller. "Stile antico", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed March 19, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Claude V. Palisca. "Prima pratica", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed March 19, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Grout, Donald J. A History of Western Music (6th ed.), W.W. Norton and Company, New York, 2001. ISBN 0-393-97527-4
Wolff, Christoph (1968). Stile antico in der Musik Johann Sebastian Bachs: Studien zu Bachs Spätwerk [Stile antico in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach: Studies on Bach's late work]. Beihefte zum Archiv für Musikwissenschaft (in German). Vol. VI. Wiesbaden: Steiner. OCLC 651793960.




Further reading


Wolff, Christoph (1991). "Bach and the Tradition of the Palestrina Style". Bach: Essays on His Life and Music. Harvard University Press. pp. 84–104. ISBN 9780674059269.
• Source: Stile Antico

Stile Antico is a British vocal ensemble, specialising in polyphonic early music composed prior to the eighteenth century. Like groups such as the Tallis Scholars or The Sixteen, it has roots in the choral tradition of the Oxford and Cambridge colleges, but, unusually for groups tackling complex polyphony, Stile Antico has no conductor. The singers rehearse and perform as chamber musicians, an approach which has been praised by critics.
Established in 2001, they won the Audience Prize at the 2005 Early Music Network Young Artists' Competition, and have since been described as "one of the brightest new stars in the firmament of Renaissance vocal ensembles".
They have recorded fifteen discs for the Harmonia Mundi label and in 2020 announced a new partnership with Decca Classics for a "trilogy of new albums". Their debut recording, Music for Compline, achieved great commercial success after it was featured on NPR's All Things Considered, reaching #2 in the Billboard Classical chart; NPR's Tom Manoff described the group as "one of the finest choral ensembles of our day". The disc also received industry awards including the 2007 Diapason d'or de l'année and was nominated for the 50th Grammy Awards. Their release Song of Songs, was the winner of the 2009 Gramophone Award for Early music, and spent three weeks at #1 on the Billboard Classical chart. It was also nominated for the 52nd Grammy Awards. Their disc The Golden Renaissance: Josquin des Prez, won the inaugural Gramophone Award for Spatial Audio in 2021.
The group has collaborated extensively with Fretwork, the Folger Consort, Marino Formenti, B’Rock, Rihab Azar, and Sting, with whom they toured Europe, Australia, and the Far East with his Songs from the Labyrinth project (based on the work of John Dowland) and appeared as guests on his 2009 album If on a Winter's Night....
In 2013, they were involved in the celebrations for the centenary of the Carnegie UK Trust, commemorating the Trust's support for OUP's multi-volume publication of Tudor church music in the 1920s. They released a disc The Phoenix Rising centred on Byrd's Mass for Five Voices.
In 2018, the group performed at the GRAMMY awards ceremony, having been nominated in the Best Small Ensemble Performance category.




Members


Stile Antico is made up of 12 members. Its current members are:

Helen Ashby (Soprano)
Kate Ashby (Soprano)
Rebecca Hickey (Soprano)
Emma Ashby (Alto)
Cara Curran (Alto)
Rosie Parker (Alto)
Andrew Griffiths (Tenor)
Jonathan Hanley (Tenor)
Benedict Hymas (Tenor)
James Arthur (Bass)
Nathan Harrison (Bass)
Gareth Thomas (Bass)




Discography


Music for Compline (2007). Awards: 2007 Diapason d'or de l'année, CHOC du Monde de la Musique, Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik (May 2007), Classics Today 10/10)
Heavenly Harmonies (2008). Awards: Diapason d'or (April 2008), Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik (May 2008), Classics Today 10/10)
Song of Songs (2009). Awards: Gramophone Award for Early Music (2009), Choc de Classica (May 2009), Classics Today 10/10)
Media Vita (2010). Awards: Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik (May 2010), Classics Today 10/10)
Puer natus est (2010). Awards: Diapason d'or (October 2010), Edison Klassiek (2011), Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik (2011), International Record Review 'Outstanding' (October 2010), Choc de Classica (November 2010), Classics Today 10/10)
Tune Thy Musicke to Thy Hart (2012). Award: Choc de Classica (March 2012)
Passion and Resurrection (2012). Awards: Classics Today 10/10
The Phoenix Rising (2013). Awards: Diapason d'or (September 2013), Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik (2013), Choc de Classica (2013), International Record Review 'Outstanding' (September 2013), Classics Today 10/10, Fono Forum Empfehlung des Monat (October 2013)
From the Imperial Court (2014)
A Wondrous Mystery (2015). Awards: Classics Today 10/10, (October 2015)
Divine Theatre: Sacred Motets by Giaches de Wert (2016). Awards: La Clef ResMusica, February 2017, GRAMMY Nominee, Best Small Ensemble Performance, 2018.
Tenebrae Responsories (2017). Awards: 4F de Télérama, (March 2018), Gramophone Editor's Choice, (May 2018), Choc de Classica (2018).
In a Strange Land (2018). Awards: Diapason d’Or, (February 2019)
A Spanish Nativity (2019). Awards: Classics Today 10/10
The Golden Renaissance: Josquin des Prez (2021). Awards: Gramophone Award for Spatial Audio (2021).
The Golden Renaissance: William Byrd (January 2023)




References






External links



Official site
Stile Antico Artist page at Harmonia Mundi
Classical Archives Interview with Soprano Kate Ashby

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Penghargaan Grammy ke-60
• Penghargaan Grammy ke-52
• Stile antico
• Stile Antico
• Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki
• Seconda pratica
• Antico
• Mass in B minor structure
• Stile (disambiguation)
• Clavier-Übung III
• Johann Sebastian Bach
• Mass (music)