- Source: Table of thermodynamic equations
Common thermodynamic equations and quantities in thermodynamics, using mathematical notation, are as follows:
Definitions
Many of the definitions below are also used in the thermodynamics of chemical reactions.
= General basic quantities
== General derived quantities
== Thermal properties of matter
== Thermal transfer
=Equations
The equations in this article are classified by subject.
= Thermodynamic processes
== Kinetic theory
=Ideal gas
= Entropy
=S
=
k
B
ln
Ω
{\displaystyle S=k_{\mathrm {B} }\ln \Omega }
, where kB is the Boltzmann constant, and Ω denotes the volume of macrostate in the phase space or otherwise called thermodynamic probability.
d
S
=
δ
Q
T
{\displaystyle dS={\frac {\delta Q}{T}}}
, for reversible processes only
= Statistical physics
=Below are useful results from the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution for an ideal gas, and the implications of the Entropy quantity. The distribution is valid for atoms or molecules constituting ideal gases.
Corollaries of the non-relativistic Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution are below.
= Quasi-static and reversible processes
=For quasi-static and reversible processes, the first law of thermodynamics is:
d
U
=
δ
Q
−
δ
W
{\displaystyle dU=\delta Q-\delta W}
where δQ is the heat supplied to the system and δW is the work done by the system.
= Thermodynamic potentials
=The following energies are called the thermodynamic potentials,
and the corresponding fundamental thermodynamic relations or "master equations" are:
= Maxwell's relations
=The four most common Maxwell's relations are:
More relations include the following.
Other differential equations are:
= Quantum properties
=U
=
N
k
B
T
2
(
∂
ln
Z
∂
T
)
V
{\displaystyle U=Nk_{\text{B}}T^{2}\left({\frac {\partial \ln Z}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}}
S
=
U
T
+
N
k
B
ln
Z
−
N
k
ln
N
+
N
k
{\displaystyle S={\frac {U}{T}}+Nk_{\text{B}}\ln Z-Nk\ln N+Nk}
Indistinguishable Particles
where N is number of particles, h is that Planck constant, I is moment of inertia, and Z is the partition function, in various forms:
Thermal properties of matter
= Thermal transfer
== Thermal efficiencies
=See also
References
External links
Thermodynamic equation calculator
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Nonlogam
- Table of thermodynamic equations
- Thermodynamic equations
- Bridgman's thermodynamic equations
- Laws of thermodynamics
- List of equations
- Thermodynamic system
- Lists of physics equations
- Equation of state
- Thermodynamic potential
- Thermodynamics
