• Source: The Black Panther (newspaper)

The Black Panther (also called The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service, Black Panther Black Community News Service, and Black Community News Service) was the official newspaper of the Black Panther Party. It began as a four-page newsletter in Oakland, California, in 1967, and was founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. It was the main publication of the Party and was soon sold in several large cities across the United States, as well as having an international readership. The newspaper distributed information about the party's activities, and expressed through articles the ideology of the Black Panther Party, focusing on both international revolutions as inspiration and contemporary racial struggles of African Americans across the United States. It remained in circulation until the dissolution of the Party in 1980.




Foundation


The Black Panther Party maintained a commitment to community service, including various "survival programs" developed by individual chapters that, by 1969, became part of the national party's "serve the people program" to connect their commitments to basic social services with community organizing and consciousness raising. The Black Panther Party Newspaper was a critical part of the Party's consciousness-raising program.
The Black Panther Party Newspaper, variably titled through its duration as The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service, Black Panther Black Community News Service, and Black Community News Service, was published by the Black Panther Party from April 25, 1967, to September 16, 1980. The newspaper was most popular from 1968 to 1972, and during this time, sold a hundred thousand copies a week.
An undergraduate student at San Francisco State, Judy Juanita, served as editor of The Black Panther Party Newspaper during the later 1960s. In 1969, two-thirds of Black Panther Party members were women and women were heavily represented among the paper's staff and leadership.
The artist Emory Douglas, who studied at the City College of San Francisco, acted as the newspaper’s graphic arts designer as well as Minister of Culture for the party. Working alongside Douglas were Gayle Asali Dickson and Joan Tarika Lewis, who was the first woman to join the Black Panther Party. Its final editor until the dissolution of the Party was JoNina Abron.
In its later years, the newspaper was used to rally support for members of the party who became political prisoners.




Format



"The BPP newspaper grew from a four-page newsletter to a full newspaper in about a year and [537] issues were printed."




Circulation


Circulation was national and international. From 1968 to 1971, The Black Panther Party Newspaper was the most widely read Black newspaper in the United States, with a weekly circulation of more than 300,000. It sold for 25 cents. Every Panther was required to read and study the newspaper before they could sell it. As it became nationally circulated, The Black Panther Party Newspaper national distribution center was located in San Francisco, with a distribution team led by Andrew Austin, Sam Napier, and Ellis White. Other distribution centers were in Chicago, Kansas, Los Angeles, New York, and Seattle.




See also


List of underground newspapers of the 1960s counterculture
Emory Douglas




References






Further reading


"The Black Panther: Newspaper of the Black Panther Party". libcom.org.
Charles Evens Inniss Memorial Library Archives. The Black Panther Newspapers and Posters – Collection History and Scope. Medgar Evers College, CUNY, November 2013. (Accessed February 25, 2017.) This online exhibit displays digitized issues of the newspaper The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service from 1969 to 1973 and the party’s propaganda posters.
African-American Involvement in the Vietnam War, Document collection: Congress. Staff Study by the Committee on Internal Security – House of Representatives. The Black Panther Party Its Origin and Development as Reflected In Its Official Weekly Newspaper The Black Panther Black Community News Service. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1970.




External links


The official archives of the Black Panther Party newspaper are located at the African American Museum and Library at Oakland.
Issues and artwork from the 30 issues of the Black Panther in the MoMa's permanent collection can be viewed online.
Images and PDFs of issues of the Black Panther can be found on the official site of the Black Panther Party alumni, It's About Time.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Nation of Islam
• Jean Genet
• Stan Lee
• California
• Daftar film terlaris di Jepang
• Daftar julukan kota di Amerika Serikat
• Andy Rooney
• Kevin Michael Richardson
• Daftar penghargaan dan nominasi yang diterima oleh Beyoncé
• GLAAD Media Awards ke-28
• The Black Panther (newspaper)
• Black Panther Party
• Black panther (disambiguation)
• Black Panther (film)
• List of members of the Black Panther Party
• White Panther Party
• Black Panther Militia
• Judas and the Black Messiah
• British Black Panthers
• Black power movement