• Source: The Parting Glass

"The Parting Glass" (Roud 3004) is a Scottish traditional song, often sung at the end of a gathering of friends. It has also long been sung in Ireland, where it remains popular; this has strongly influenced how it is often sung today. It was purportedly the most popular parting song sung in Scotland before Robert Burns wrote "Auld Lang Syne".




Text


Exact lyrics vary between modern arrangements, but they include most, if not all, of the following stanzas appearing in different orders:




History






= Referent

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The "parting glass", or "stirrup cup", was the final hospitality offered to a departing guest. Once they had mounted, they were presented one final drink to fortify them for their travels. The custom was practised in several continental countries.




= Text

=
The earliest tentative evidence for the existence of the text is from the Skene Manuscript, a collection of Scottish airs written in tablature for the lute and mandora at various dates between 1615 and 1635., as a different tune bearing the name Good Night, and God Be With Yow The tune appeared to have been popular and variants of it appear in many collections, often with similar names, including in Henry Playford's 1700 A collection of original Scotch-tunes, Neil Gow's The complete repository of original Scots slow strathspeys and dances.
The first complete text that bears resemblance to the Parting Glass first appears on a broadside published in 1654 (or circa 1670 according to another dating) called Neighbours farewel to his friends:

In 1776 untitled fragment, which appears to be a relic of the longer song, appears in David Herd's Ancient And Modern Scottish Songs, Vol. 2:

A a similar fragment later appears in Walter Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border as Armstrong's Goodnight. According to Scot, is said to have been written by one of the Border Reivers executed for the murder in 1600 of Sir John Carmichael, Warden of the Scottish West March. However, Scott does not vouch for the authenticity of the story, and it appears to be first published by him, later repeated and embellished by other sources.
More important for the development of the song as we know it today was another text that appears in a Scottish chapbook from ca. 1815-1822 printed by Thomas Duncan in Glasgow. Here included are verses 1, 2 and 4, which are similar to modern variants:

This variant later appeared to have migrated to Ireland and appears on a broadside published by J. & H. Baird in Cork: "Good Night And Joy Be with you all. A New Song" (Madden Ballads 12, Frame 8341). The exact date of publication is not known but the Bairds were active as printers in Cork during the 1830s. However, a more recognizable variety was also published in Dublin as A New Song caled the Parting Glass by W. Birmingham at least a decade later in the 1840's or perhaps even in the 1850's. The first three verses appear in modern variants almost verbatim, but the final, which is not included here, is usually replaced by "A man may drink and not be drunk...".:




= Tune

=
The earliest known appearance of the tune today associated with this text is as a fiddle tune called "The Peacock", included in James Aird's A Selection of Scots, English, Irish and Foreign Airs in 1782.
Robert Burns referred to the air in 1786 as "Good night, and joy be wi' ye a'." when using it to accompany his Masonic lyric "The Farewell. To the brethren of St. James's Lodge, Tarbolton".
In 1800–1802, the song was incorrectly attributed to Joseph Haydn by Sigismund von Neukomm (1778-1858), who entered it in the Hoboken catalogue as "Good night and joy be wi' ye. Hob XXXIa 254. Mi mineur", which text has been wrongly attributed to Sir Alexander Boswell (1775-1822).
Patrick Weston Joyce, in his Old Irish Folk Music and Songs (1909), gives the tune with a different text under the name "Sweet Cootehill Town," noting, "The air seems to have been used indeed as a general farewell tune, so that—from the words of another song of the same class—it is often called 'Good night and joy be with you all.'" The celebrated Irish folk song collector Colm Ó Lochlainn has taken note of this identity of melodies between "The Parting Glass" and "Sweet Cootehill Town". "Sweet Cootehill Town" is another traditional farewell song, this time involving a man leaving Ireland to go to America.
The tune appeared, with sacred lyrics, in 19th century American tunebooks. "Shouting Hymn" in Jeremiah Ingalls's Christian Harmony (1805) is a related tune. The tune achieved wider currency among shape note singers with its publication, associated with a text first known in the 1814 Collection of Hymns and Spiritual Songs, "Come Now Ye Lovely Social Band", in William Walker's Southern Harmony (1835), and in The Sacred Harp (1844). This form of the song is still widely sung by Sacred Harp singers under the title "Clamanda".




= Irish and North American influence

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Dr Lori Watson, a lecturer in Scottish Ethnology at the University of Edinburgh states that it’s difficult to fully trace the origins of many traditional songs: Although it currently seems that Scotland has evidence of the earliest published melody and several beautiful song variants, the popular Parting Glass currently in circulation has strong Irish and North American influences to thank.
In regard to a modern version by Irish musician Hozier, Scottish singer-songwriter Karine Polwart notes: "It really knocked my socks off. He clearly comes from a place where he understands his roots, singing in that really old ornamented Irish style. This would be one mark against the Scots claiming it, the tune of it is very like a lot of Irish traditional tunes and the way they sing it is with much more flourish and ornamentation, becoming a fluttering kind of melody. I find that really moving – my favourite versions are almost all by Irish singers."




= Modern adaptations

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"The Parting Glass" was re-introduced to mid-20th century audiences by the recordings and performances of The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem. Their rendition featured a solo vocal by youngest brother Liam and first appeared on their 1959 Tradition Records LP Come Fill Your Glass with Us as well as on a number of subsequent recordings, including the group's high-charting live performance album, In Person at Carnegie Hall. The rendition by the Clancys and Makem has been described as "by all accounts... the most influential" of the many recorded versions.
The song "Restless Farewell", written by Bob Dylan and featured on The Times They Are a-Changin' from 1964, uses the melody of the nineteenth century versions of "The Parting Glass" with Dylan's original lyrics. Dylan had learned the tune from the singing of the Clancys and Makem.
In 1998, the traditional words were set to a new, different melody (reminiscent of Mo Ghile Mear, another Irish traditional song) by Irish composer Shaun Davey. In 2002, he orchestrated this version for orchestra, choir, pipes, fiddle, and percussion to commemorate the opening of the Helix Concert Hall, Dublin, Ireland. His version appears in the film Waking Ned Devine.
At the request of Margaret Atwood, to end her guest-edited edition of BBC Radio 4's Today programme with the song, a version by singer Karine Polwart and pianist Dave Milligan was commissioned.
The song was featured in the conclusion of the 2013 video game Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, where pirate Anne Bonney sings the song to protagonist Edward Kenway after the two say their farewells and Edward prepares to meet his daughter and return with her to England.
In 2023, boygenius collaborated with Ye Vagabonds to release a cover of "The Parting Glass", paying tribute to the late Sinéad O'Connor, an Irish singer and activist who had also recorded the song and who had died earlier that year. All proceeds were donated to the Aisling Project, Sinéad O’Connor Estate's charity of choice.




References

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