• Source: Timeline of Brussels

The following is a timeline of the history of Brussels, Belgium.




Prehistory


10,000–2600 BCE – Polished silex from the Mesolithic era are located in the Nekkersgat.
5th–1st century BCE – A settlement from the La Tène culture is located on the Champ Saint-Anne/Sint-Annaveld in Anderlecht.
3000–2200 BCE – Settlements from the Michelsberg culture are located in the Sonian Forest.
1000–800 BCE – Celtic tribes settle in what is now Brussels.




Roman Period



A fairly important Roman settlement is in existence in Stalle.
175 CE – A Roman villa is in existence in Laeken.
2nd century CE – A Gallo-Roman villa is constructed in Jette, located in today's King Baudouin Park.
2nd–3rd century CE – A Roman villa is built on a former Neolithic settlement in Anderlecht, near the present-day Allée de la Villa Romaine/Romeinse-Villadreef.




Middle Ages


4th–6th centuries CE
Frankish tribes occupy territories between the Meuse and Scheldt rivers.
A Frankish tomb is built on the Zeecrabbeweg.
500–700: A Merovingian cemetery containing over three hundred graves is located on the Champ Saint-Anne/Sint-Annaveld.
580 – Saint Gaugericus builds a chapel on an island in the river Senne, laying the origin of the settlement which is to become Brussels.
843 – 10 August: The region becomes part of Lotharingia after the signing of the Treaty of Verdun.
870 – First mention of the County of Uccle or Brussels is made in the Treaty of Meerssen.
959 – The city becomes part of Lower Lotharingia.
977–979 – A castrum is constructed on Saint-Géry/Sint-Goriks Island.

979 – Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, transfers the relics of Saint Gudula to the chapel built by Saint Gaugericus, marking the city's official founding.
1001 – Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine, becomes Count of Uccle or Brussels.
1012 – Saint Guy dies in Anderlecht on his return home from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
1015–1020 – Oldest written record of the city is made by Olbert of Gembloux.
1041–1047 – The Palace of Coudenberg begins construction.
1047 – The relics of Saint Gudula are transferred from the Church of St. Gaugericus to the Church of St. Michael by Lambert II, Count of Leuven.
1063–1100 – The city's first fortifications are built.
1270 – First mention of the ducal Hunting Lodge of Boitsfort is made.
1076–1078 – Lady Renilde, widow of Folcard, Lord of Anderlecht, establishes a chapter in Anderlecht and brings over the relics of Saint Guy.
1095
Dieleghem Abbey is first attested.
The Castellany of Brussels is first recorded, possibly founded by Steppo de Brosele.
1105 – Forest Abbey is founded.
1125 – The Amman of Brussels is first attested.
1129 – The Lindekemale Mill is first attested.
1135 – The city's seal is first attested, depicting the Archangel Michael robed, with outstretched wings, a halo, and the Latin inscription Sigillum Sancti Michaëlis.
1142 or 1147 – The Battle of Ransbeek takes place.
1150 – St. Peter's Hospital is established as a leper colony, run by a community of lay brothers and sisters, outside the city's walls.
1152 – St. Nicholas' Church is first attested.
1174 – The Grand-Place/Grote Markt is first attested as the Forum inferior or Nedermerckt.
1183 – The Duchy of Brabant is formed after the merger of the Counties of Uccle or Brussels and Leuven and the Landgraviate of Brabant.
1187–1260 – Gerard of Brussels, a geometer and philosopher, authors Liber de motu.
1190 – Richard I of England passes through the city.
1195 – Saint John Clinic is established.
1196 – La Cambre Abbey is founded by Benedictine noble Gisèle.
1209 – The Lordship of Carloo is first attested.
1213
The Grand Royal and Noble Oath of the Crossbowmen of Our Lady of Sablon is established.
9 August: The Meyboom is planted for the first time.
1225 – The current Church of St. Michael and St. Gudula begins construction.
1229 – 10 June: Henry I, Duke of Brabant, issues a charter of rights for the city.
1250
The Great Beguinage of Brussels is formalised by John the Victorious.
11 June: Saint Alice dies in isolation from leprosy at La Cambre Abbey.
1252 – The Beguinage of Anderlecht is founded.
1253 – Karreveld Castle is first attested.

1258 – The Convent of Boetendael is first attested.
1262 – The Priory of Val-Duchesse is established by Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant.
1265 – 19 February: Saint Boniface dies at La Cambre Abbey.
1267 – John the Victorious relocates the capital of the Duchy of Brabant from Leuven to the city.
1282 – First mention of the Drapery Court and the Wise Council is made.
1290 – 18 June: The hermit Mary the Miserable is buried alive for theft and witchcraft, with a chapel later built on her burial site.
1292 – John the Victorious grants the town the right to revenues collected at the city gates.
1295
John the Peaceful authorises aldermen to collect duty on beer as a town revenue.
Meulebeek (present-day Molenbeek-Saint-Jean) is part of the Coop of Brussels.
1296 – 14 February: Obbrussel becomes part of the Coop of Brussels.
1301 – Schaerbeek becomes part of the Coop of Brussels.
1303–1306
An unsuccessful revolt by the Guilds of Brussels to secure power-sharing with the patriciate takes place.
The first democratic government is established.
1304 – The Church of Our Blessed Lady of the Sablon is founded.
1305 – Walter the Wild is killed by his cousin Joris van der Noot for their shared love for Goedele van der Zennen, and later lends his name to the Rue du Bois Sauvage/Wildewoudstraat.
1306
19 March: The Guilds of Saint Luke and Four Crowned are first attested.
12 June The Seven Noble Houses of Brussels are first attested.
1308 – The Meyboom is first attested.
1316 – A plague epidemic strikes the city's population.
1318 – John of Ruusbroec becomes a parish priest at the Church of St. Michael and St. Gudula together with his uncle Jan Hinckaert.
1320 – A horse market is first held on the Grand Sablon/Grote Zavel, continuing until 1754.
1321 – Dry Borren is first attested as a hermitage.
1328
The Elishout Farm is first attested.
The Walsche Plaetse is first attested suggesting an early presence of Romance-speakers in the city.
1331 – Laeken becomes part of the Coop of Brussels.
1335 – 23 August: The Christian mystic Heilwige Bloemardinne, considered the city's first feminist, dies.
1342 – The city bans the construction of thatched roofs to prevent fires.
1344 – Willem van Duvenvoorde receives permission from the Diocese of Cambrai to add the Nassau Chapel to the Inn of the Lek.
1348 – The Ommegang begins as a Marian procession.
1349
The Black Death arrives in the city.
September: A pogrom against the Jewish population takes place.
1353 – The city council decides to build a cloth hall to complement the Bread Hall and the Meat Hall.
1356
The Joyous Entry of Joanna and Wenceslaus into the city takes place.
17 August: Battle of Scheut: Louis II, Count of Flanders defeats Joanna, Duchess of Brabant, who then besieges the city.
24 October: The city is liberated by group of Brabantian patriots led by Everard 't Serclaes, Lord of Kruikenburg.
The expansion of the city's fortifications begins.
1360–1364 – Unsuccessful revolts by the Guilds to secure power-sharing with the patriciate take place.
1367 – The Red Cloister is founded.
1368 – Jan Collaey donates land near the Droge Heergracht to the Alexians, on what is now the Rue des Alexiens/Cellebroedersstraat.

1370 – 22 May: The Sacrament of Miracle occurs, killing 6–20, followed by the expulsion of the city's remaining Jewish population.
1380 – Geert Pipenpoy becomes the city's first mayor.
1381 – The Grand Royal Oath of St George of the Crossbowmen of Brussels and the Royal Grand Oath of the Archers of St. Sebastian are established by the Duchess of Brabant.
1383 – The original Halle Gate is built.
1365 – The Brewers' Guild is recognised.
1388
26 March: A military expedition heads to Gaasbeek Castle after Everard t'Serclaes, on his way from Ternat to the city, is mutilated by order of Sweder of Abcoude.
31 March: Everard t'Serclaes dies at the L'Étoile/De Sterre guildhall on the Grand-Place.
1394 – Anderlecht and Forest become part of the Coop of Brussels.

1400 – Population: c. 20,000.
1401 – The Town Hall begins construction on the Grand-Place.
1402 – The Sacrament of Miracle is recognised by the church.
1404 – 1 July: The Court of Auditors of Brussels is established by Anthony, Duke of Brabant.
1406
The Joyous Entry of Anthony the Great Bastard into the city takes place.
14 April: A fire destroys part of the Chapel Church and the surrounding neighbourhood.
1411 – 12 June: The Homines Intelligentiae are first mentioned in an ecclesiastical ruling by Pierre d'Ailly, and are prosecuted, resulting in the imprisonment and exile of their leader William of Hildernissen.
1420 – 5 February: Den Boeck chamber of rhetoric is recognised by John IV, Duke of Brabant.
1421
A popular uprising takes place.
The guilds are represented in the city government alongside the patrician lineages of the Seven Noble Houses.
1422 – The Brethren of the Common Life settle in the city.
1424 – The city's aldermen issue the earliest known municipal regulation in the Low Countries on medicine and midwifery.
1436 – Rogier van der Weyden is appointed city artist.
1455
The Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament of the Miracle is built.
The Town Hall is completed.
1456 – 7 September: The Charterhouse of Scheut led by prior Hendrik van Loen is established.
1457 – The Dominicans are authorised to establish a presence in the city and relocate to Lange Ridderstraete.
1463 – The Chapel of Boondael is founded by William of Hulstbosch.
1464 – Population: c. 39,000.

1476–1476 – The city's first printing press is established by the Brethren of the Common Life.
1477
The Habsburgs come to power in the Burgundian Netherlands, with the city as their capital.
March: A popular insurrection under Willem van Marbais, Jan Bogaert and Willem van Ruysbroeck takes place.
The Harquebusiers of St. Christopher are established.
4 June: The Joyous Entry of Mary of Burgundy into the city takes place.
1479 – 13 October: De Corenbloem chamber of rhetoric is first attested.
1480 – The Royal Oath of the Saints Michel and Gudule or the Fencers of Brussels is established.
1486
De Lelie chamber of rhetoric is first attested following the Joyous Entry of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
6 May: De Violette chamber of rhetoric is first attested.
1487 – The Kluis in Neder-Heembeek is founded by Nicolas de Vucht.
1488
18 September: Philip of Cleves enters the city through the Flanders Gate at the head of a French-Flemish army.
20 September: The city proclaims the Peace of Bruges, officially joining the Flemish Revolt.
November: The city attempts to capture Beersel Castle but fails.
1489
23 January: An ordinance declares the city's support for Philip of Cleves and threatens sanctions against supporters of Maximilian I.
April: The city besieges and captures Beersel Castle; William of Ramilly and several soldiers are lynched at the Grand-Place.
14 August: The Peace of Danebroek is signed, punishing the city and Leuven for their roles in the Flemish Revolt.
1499 – 25 February: The Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows is established by members of De Lelie and De Violette.




16th century


1507 – 15 September: 't Mariacranske chamber of rhetoric is established following the merger of De Lelie and De Violette, with Jan Smeken becoming its first factor.
1511 – The Miracle of 1511 takes place.
1513 – Adriaan Florensz Boeyens, the future Pope Adrian VI, is appointed dean of the chapter of St. Guido in Anderlecht.
1515 – 28 January: The Joyous Entry of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Philip the Prudent into the city takes place.
1516 – 4 December: The Treaty of Brussels is signed, ending the War of the League of Cambrai.
1521 – May–October: Erasmus moves to Anderlecht for health, political, and religious reasons and stays in the house of Canon Peter Wijchmans.
1522
September: The Amigo Prison is built.
8 February: The Treaty of Brussels between Charles V and Archduke Ferdinand, concerning the latter's sovereignty over the Austrian Hereditary Lands, is signed.

1523
January 1523: Maximilianus Transylvanus publishes De Moluccis Insulis, a key source on the Magellan expedition.
1 July: Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos are burned at the stake at the Grand-Place, becoming the first victims of the Inquisition in the Netherlands.
1526 – 20 October: A fire destroys three houses in the Rue des Six Jetons/Zespenningenstraat.
1528 – 15 September: Lambrecht Thorn, a collaborator of Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos, dies in captivity.
1536 – The original King's House is built on the Grand-Place for the Duke of Brabant.
1539 – 3 January: The Supreme Charity is established in response to Charles V's 7 October 1531 edict, which banned begging and centralised town welfare revenue to combat pauperism.
1543 – Brussels lace is explicitly mentioned for the first time in a list of presents given to Princess Mary for New Year's.
1544 – Andreas Vesalius moves into a large estate in Hellestraetken, near today's Rue des Minimes/Minimenstraat.
1549 – 1 April: A grand tournament is held on Haerenheydeveldt to mark the visit of Prince Philip during his tour of the Netherlands following his investiture.
1554 – Margaretha von Waldeck, allegedly the inspiration for Snow White, died in the city, with chronicles suggesting she may have been poisoned with arsenic.
1555 – 25 October: Charles V abdicates in the Aula Magna of the Palace of Coudenberg.
1559 – 12 April: Philip the Prudent establishes the Royal Library of the Low Countries, using the Library of the Dukes of Burgundy as its core collection.
1561 – 12 October: The city's port and the Willebroek Canal are opened.
1564
Docks are constructed on the wasteland between the two city ramparts.
16 November: Jan Pannant is executed at the Grand-Place using a breaking wheel for double homicide and theft, as later described in the diary of Jan de Pottre.
1565 – 11 November: The wedding of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, and Maria of Portugal, Hereditary Princess of Parma, takes place.
1566
5 April: The signatories of the Petition of the Nobles gain access to the Palace of Coudenberg to present it to Margaret of Parma.
6 April: The banquet of the Geuzen is held by the Compromise of Nobles in the Court of Culemborg.

1567
22 August: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, arrives in the city.
30 August: Margaret of Parma resigns as Governess of the Netherlands and flees the city.
9 September: The Council of Troubles is established.

1568
1 June: Eighteen signatories members the Compromise of Nobles are decapitated at the Peerdemerct.
5 June: The Counts of Egmont and Horn are executed at the Grand-Place.
1569 – A knighting and jousting tournament held in honour of the Duke of Alva at the Grand-Place.
1570 – 11 February: Jan Grauwels, the Provost of Justice, is hanged for abusing his power in the conviction of the Geuzen.
1574 – A pilgrim returning from Palestine notices a resemblance between the Valley of Josaphat and the Valley of the Roodebeek, renaming it and later erecting a column on the Heiligenberg.
1575 – A plague outbreak kills thousands.
1576 – 4 September: The Calvinist Republic of Brussels is founded following the imprisonment of the Council of State and the Secret Council.

1577
9 January: The First Union of Brussels is established by the States General of the Netherlands.
24 July: The Coup of Namur occurs, ending the First Union of Brussels.
10 December: The Second Union of Brussels is declared.
24 September: The Joyous Entry of William the Silent into the city takes place.
1579
The city joins the Union of Utrecht.
6 June: The Great Beguinage is looted by Scottish auxiliary troops as part of the larger Beeldenstorm.
1580
1 May: All public displays of Catholicism are banned.
9–10 July: The city tries to capture Halle under the command of Olivier van den Tympel.
1585 – 10 March: The city is besieged by the Army of Flanders.
1587 – 20 July: During a mystery play performed by the Brethren of the Common Life, a lodge collapses, killing the author Petrus Fabri and alderman Eustachius Pipenpoy, and injuring several spectators.
1589 – October: The city grants the Augustinians a tax exemption in exchange for holding mass at the Town Hall for three months each year and serving as firemen when needed.
1590 – 31 March: The city decides to construct the Simpelhuys, a complex featuring residential blocks, kitchens, a bakery, and sixty dedicated cells for individuals with mental health needs.
1594
30 January: The Joyous Entry of Archduke Ernest of Austria into the city takes place.
21 December: Anna Utenhoven, arrested with Anna and Catharina Rampaerts, is found guilty of heresy and buried alive on the Haerenheydeveldt, becoming the last person executed for heresy in the Low Countries.
1595
The Niederländische Postkurs postal service is established in the city.
13 September: Josyne van Beethoven is burned at the stake at the Grand-Place for witchcraft.
1598 – The Royal Guild of St. Sebastian of Schaerbeek is founded as a branch of the Royal Grand Oath of the Archers of St. Sebastian.
1599
13 July: An ordinance mandates that slackers are both to be branded and flogged.
5 September: The Joyous Entry of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria, and Isabella Clara Eugenia into the city takes place.
14 November: Joanne Berkeley is installed as the first abbess of the Abbey of Our Lady of the Assumption by Archbishop Mathias Hovius.




17th century


1604 – 16 July: St. John Berchmans College is established.
1607 – The Discalced Carmelite Convent is established by Ana de Jesús.
1612 – Upon his death, Priest Nicaise Mozet establishes the Fondatie op het Kerkhof a small hermitage for women.
1616 – 1 September: The Annonciades Convent is established.

1618 – 28 September: The Mount of Piety opens.

1619
The original Manneken Pis statue is commissioned.
12 July: A riot breaks out after the city imposes a tax on wine and beer (the gigot).
1622 – The funeral of Archduke Albert VII takes place.
1623 – The Bridgettines Convent is established.
1625
The Deuchthuys opens to force beggars, slackers, and vagrants to produce textile goods, with Daniel Sirejacobs serving as its first director.
24 November: The first postulants enter the Convent of the Ladies of Berlaymont.

1631 – The Royal Grand Brotherhood of St. Guido is first attested.
1634 – In a sparsely populated area at the end of the Rue de Laeken/Lakensestraat, a house is constructed to isolate and care for plague sufferers.
1646
The Small Beguinage of Brussels is founded.
6 October: Purple rain falls on the city; the downpour elicits scientific examination and explanation.
1648 – The Confraternity of St. Dorothea is establised.
1654 – The Barony of Jette is formed.
1657 – De Wijngaard theatre company is established, possibly out of 't Mariacranske.
1659 – The Barony of Jette is elevated to a county.
1668
7 June: The city enacts an ordinance to combat the Black Death and appoints a Plague Master to oversee the care of the sick.
27 July: To prevent the spread of the Black Death, the city restricts movement to evenings, bans gatherings, and prohibits the sale of certain foods, while confiscating and destroying grain, flour, and meat.
1669 – 13 October: The St. Landry Chapel is consecrated.
1670 – 7 January: A posthumous mass is held in honour of the victims of the Black Death.
1672 – The Fort of Monterey is built.
1675 – The Royal Military and Mathematics Academy of Brussels is established.
1677 – Evere is incorporated into the Principality of Hornes after its lord, Eugene Maximilian of Hornes, is elevated to the rank of prince by King Charles II of Spain.
1682 – 24 January: The Opéra du Quai au Foin opens as the first public theatre in the city.
1686 – 3 September: The Palace of Thurn and Taxis on the Sablon hosts a grand banquet to celebrate the Holy League's victory in the Siege of Buda. Fireworks light up the Sablon, attracting a curious crowd.
1690 – 11–12 October: A fire breaks out in La Louve/De Wolvin guildhall on the Grand-Place.
1691 – The Apostolines settle in Bavendal.

1695 – 13–15 August: The city is bombarded by the French, destroying a third of its buildings, including the Grand-Place.

1697–1698: Reconstruction of the Grand-Place is largely completed.
1698 – 1 May: Manneken Pis receives his first costume from the Governor of the Austrian Netherlands, Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria.
1700 – 17 October: The first Theatre of La Monnaie, then spelled La Monnoye, opens.




18th century


1701 – The Nassau Palace suffers extensive damage from a fire.
1702 – 22 February: The Joyous Entry of Philip V into the city takes place.
1703 – 3 February: The Chamber of Commerce and Industry is founded by Isidro de la Cueva y Benavides, much to the displeasure of the Drapery Court.
1705 – The Fort Jaco is built.
1706 – The English–Dutch army enters the city.
1708 – 22–27 November: The city is attacked by the French, which it repels.
1711 – 30 September: The Royal Academy of Fine Arts is established.
1714
March 6: The Treaty of Rastatt is signed; the city becomes part of the Austrian Netherlands.
25 July: The Belfry of Brussels collapses.
1717
14–18 April: Peter the Great visits the city.
5 November: The Theatre of La Monnaie is publicly sold to Jean-Baptiste Meeûs.
1719 – 19 September: François Anneessens is executed at the Grand-Place.
1724 – March: The Senne floods: The lower city is 3 feet underwater.
1731 – 3–4 February: The Palace of Coudenberg is destroyed by fire.
1733 – 10 February: The city instructs gravediggers to bury corpses at least three feet deep to prevent dogs from uncovering them and causing infections.
1744 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine enters the city.

1746 – 29 January–22 February: The city is besieged and captured by the French.
1747 – To make amends, King Louis XV gifts Manneken Pis his oldest surviving outfit and makes him a knight of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Louis after his soldiers stole the statue.
1749 – January: The city is returned to Austria with the rest of the Austrian Netherlands following the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
1751 – The Fountain of Minerva, gifted by Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, is built.
1755 – Population: 57,370.
1767 – The first census of the inhabitants of the city occurs.
1769 – Vanparys Confiserie is established by Felix Vanparys.
1771–1778 – Au Vieux Spijtigen Duivel is first attested on the Ferraris map.
1772
The Opéra flamand is established.
Faro is first attested.
16 December: The Imperial and Royal Academy is established.
1774 – The Rue Royale/Koningsstraat is laid out.
1775
Brussels Park is laid out.
The Place des Martyrs/Martelaarsplein, then called the Place Saint-Michel/Sint-Michielsplein, is laid out.
1777 – 1 October: The Theresian College opens.
1778 – The Palace of the Nation begins construction.
1779
The Brussels Arsenal is built.
Governor Charles Alexander hosts the first horse races outside the British Empire at the Monplaisir Château.
1781 – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor visits the city.
1782
The Place Royale/Koningsplein is laid out.
1 May: The brothers Alexandre and Herman Bultos receive permission to construct the Royal Park Theatre as an annex to the Theatre of La Monnaie.
1787 – The Vauxhall opens.
1783 – The Royal Palace of Brussels begins construction.

1784
The city's gates are demolished, except for the Halle Gate.
The Palace of Schonenberg (present-day Palace of Laeken) is built.
1785 – The Concert Noble is founded by the Governors Albert Casimir and Maria Christina.
1787 – 29 October: The Church of St. James on Coudenberg is consecrated.

1789
The secret society Pro Aris et Focis is founded to prepare for the Brabant Revolution against Emperor Joseph II.
10–12 December: The Battle of Brussels takes place, marking the start of the Brabant Revolution in the city.

1790
10 January: Governors Albert Casimir and Maria Christina flee the city to Vienna.
11 January: The city becomes the capital of the United Belgian States.
6 October: Willem van Criekinge is lynched after insulting the Capuchin Josse Huyghe during a Marian procession.
2 December: The Austrians take the city back and pledge to reverse the reforms of Joseph II.
1792 – 14 November: General Charles-François Dumouriez enters the city.
1793 – 9 August: An explosion of gunpowder-laden carts causes widespread destruction in Cureghem/Kuregem.
1795 – 1 October: The French rule begins; the city becomes the chef-lieu of the department of the Dyle.
1796
The Guilds of Brussels are suppressed.
La Cambre Abbey and Forest Abbey are abolished.
The Church of St. Gaugericus is demolished.
17 June: The civil registry is introduced.
1797
4 September: The Coop of Brussels is abolished, prompting protests from municipal authorities.
17 December: Brussels Park is officially opened as a public park.
1798
27 May: The city renames streets with religious or monarchist connotations to more republican names, as required by the French administration.
7 December: Prisoners of war from Hasselt, captured for participating in the Peasants' War, are paraded through the streets.
1800
Population: 66,297.
10 January: The Société de littérature de Bruxelles literary society is established.
15 August: The Fire Brigade is established, marking the formation of Belgium's first professional firefighting unit.




19th century






20th century






21st century






Evolution of the Brussels map






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See also


History of Brussels
List of mayors of the City of Brussels (largest municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region)
List of municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region
Timeline of Belgian history
Timelines of other municipalities in Belgium: Antwerp, Bruges, Ghent, Leuven, Liège




References






Bibliography






External links



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