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Source: Timeline of the Sasanian Empire

The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name used for the Persian dynasty which lasted from 224 to 651 AD.

224 - Ardashir I introduces the title Šāhanšāh (king of kings); the Sasanid reign is founded.
c. 224-240 – Zoroastrianism belief experiences an era of recovery under the reign of Ardashir I.
230 - The Sassanian army assaults the Roman-controlled fraction of Upper Mesopotamia and lay hands on Nisibis, but fails to catch it.
237-238 - Ardashir I begins another rushes on the Eastern Roman Provinces and occupies Harran and Nisibis.
241 - Coronation of Shapur I.
c. 242-273 - Mani makes a journey in Persia.
252-256 - Shapur I moves forward to the Eastern Roman Provinces.
c. 259 - Defeat and capture of Valerian by Shapur I.
c. 260 - 2nd foray of the Eastern Roman Provinces by Shapur I.
c. 261 - Odaenathus, the ruler of Palmyra, stops the triumphant Persian troops coming back home following the looting of Antioch, scores a notable conquest against Shapur I and drives the Persians back across the Euphrates.
271 - Coronation of Hormizd I.
273 - Coronation of Bahram I.
274 or 277 - The execution of Mani by influential Zoroastrian high priest Kartir.
276 - Coronation of Bahram II.

276 - The Kartir is chosen as extreme power of the Zoroastrian place of worship and victimizes the supporters of other believes; his engravings at Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, Naqsh-e Rajab, and Sar Mashhad (south of Kazerun) declare to prove his principles.
283 - Roman Emperor Carus seizes Mesopotamia and catches Ctesiphon, but his troops comes back his unexpected passing.
286 - Tiridates takes the Armenian throne and the Persians are discharged from there.
293 - Narseh overwhelms his competitors and triumphs to the Persian throne.

c. 294 - Narseh’s Paikuli inscription in Iraq next to the Persian frontier.
296 - Narseh raids Armenia, expels Tiridates, and quells the Romans.
297- Roman Emperor Galerius undoes Narseh. The Treaty of Nisibis compels Narseh to abandon Armenia and Mesopotamia.
c. 301 - The realm of Armenia is the first nation to accept Christianity as the state religion.
302 - Resignation of Narseh; Coronation of Hormizd II.
309 - Coronation of Shapur II.
325 - Shapur II falls upon Arab people and makes impregnable the empire’s frontiers.
338 - Shapur II retrieves the five regions gave in by Narseh to Rome.
348 - Shapur II seizes Mesopotamia.
c. 360 - Fondation of the Kidarite kingdom.
363 - War between Julian and Persian troops follows his back off and demise; the surrendered territories and Nisibis are brought back to Persia.
376 - The armistice signed by Rome and Persia.
379 - Death of Shapur II and the accession of Ardashir II.
383 - Coronation of Shapur III.
399 - Coronation of Yazdegerd I, titled “the Sinner” owing to his efforts to control the influence of Zoroastrian clergy and his leniency towards other believes.
409 - Christian are allowed to publicly worship and to construct churches.

420 - Coronation of Bahram V (Bahram Gūr).
421 - Peace between Persia and Rome comes to an end.
422 - Bahram V triumphs in driving off an assault by the Hephtalites.
c. 425 - Bahram V brings in gypsies from India to amuse people according to the Shahnameh.
428 - Dissolution of Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. Establishment of Persian Armenia.
438 - Coronation of Yazdegerd II.
451 - Battle of Avarayr fought against the Christian Armenian rebels led by Vardan Mamikonian.
457 - Coronation of Hormizd III.
459 - Coronation of Peroz I.
484 - Hephthalite Empire conquer Peroz I.
484 - Coronation of Balash. The Nvarsak Treaty grants the Armenians the right to profess Christianity freely.
488 - Coronation of Kavadh I; expedition against Khazars.
c. 490 - Mazdak teaches his egalitarian ideology with the benefit of Kavadh I’s support.
c. 490 - Initiation of agrarian and tax reforms.
496 - Kavadh I is dethroned by his brother Djamasp.
499 - Return of Kavadh I with support of Hephtalites.
524 - War between Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Empire.
526 - Romans assault Persia, Armenia, and Mesopotamia, however they are beaten. Start of the Iberian War.

531 - Coronation of Khosrow I.
c. 531 - Slaughter and crackdown of the Mazdak's followers.
c. 531 - Farming, governmental, military, communal reforms.
c. 531 - Conversion of Panchatantra, a Sanskrit-written book-story to Middle Persian.
533 - End of conflict between Persia and Byzantine Empire (the one that started in 524).
541 - Lazic War commences between the Byzantines and the Sassanids for control over Lazica.
c. 554 - Procopius, Byzantine expert and observer to the battles between Khosrow I and Justinian I, which he writes in his De bello Persico (Latin tr., 1833), dies.

c. 570 - Conquest of Yemen.
579 - Death of Khosrow I and the Coronation of Hormizd IV.
580 - Sassanids abolish the monarchy of the Kingdom of Iberia. Direct control through self-appointed governors commences.
588 - First Perso-Turkic War (with Göktürks) and their defeat at the hands of the Persian General Bahrām Chobin.
590 - Hormizd IV is assassinated; Coronation of Khosrow II.
590 - Uprising of Bahrām Chobin and his seizure of the Persian throne.
591 - Overwhelming of Bahrām Chobin; he escapes to the Turks in Central Asia but is killed after a year. Khosrow II regains the throne with the help of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice.
602 - Mutiny against the Emperor Maurice led by Phocas. Climactic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 commences.
603 - Khosrow II’s invasion of Byzantium in revenge for the murder of Emperor Maurice and his relatives by the tyrant Phocas.
611-616 - Khosrow II’s conquest of Syria and Egypt.
614 - Khosrow II takes Jerusalem; relics of the True Cross are carried off to Ctesiphon, capital of the Sasanian empire.
622 - Heraclius mounts a counter-offensive against the Sasanians.
626 - The Sassanids alongside the allied Avars and Slavs besiege the Byzantine capital, Constantinople
627 - Heraclius defeats the troops of the Sasanian Empire near Nineveh.
628 - Deposition, trial, and execution of Khosrow II by his son and successor Kavadh II (Shīrūya); peace concluded with Byzantine Empire.
628 - Murdering of many Sasanian princes by Kavadh II.
628 - Kavadh II dies.
628-635 - Weakening of the Sasanian dynasty due to a succession of ineffectual kings and queens including the queens Boran and Azarmidokht; chaotic situation prevails.

632 - Pond of Khumm event.
632 - The Prophet Moḥammad dies; there ensues a dispute over his succession.
632-634 - Abu Bakr’s caliphate.
633 - Yazdegerd III succeeds to the Persian throne.
634 - Umar elected caliph; he plans a successful invasion of Byzantine and Persian (Sasanian) lands.
635 - Arabs capture Damascus.
635-641 - Arab troops capture Jerusalem, Antioch, Tripoli, and Egypt.
636 - Persians are beaten by Arab Muslims at Qādisiyyah.
637 - Arab Muslims capture Ctesiphon, the Sasanian capital; Yazdegerd III escapes to Ray.
637 - Arab Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia.
642 - Final defeat of Persians by Arab Muslims at Nehavand.
644 - Umar (Muslim caliph) is assassinated by Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz, a Persian captive slave.
644-656 - Uthman’s caliphate.
651 - Murder of Yazdegerd III; end of the Sasanian dynasty; Persia is annexed to the Rashidun Caliphate (Islamic Empire).

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