- Source: Tribes of Galway
The Tribes of Galway (Irish: Treibheanna na Gaillimhe) were 14 merchant families who dominated the political, commercial and social life of the city of Galway in western Ireland between the mid-13th and late 19th centuries. They were the families of Athy, Blake, Bodkin, Browne, Darcy/D’Arcy, Deane, Font, French, Joyce, Kirwan, Lynch, Martin, Morris and Skerritt. Of the 14 families, 12 were of Anglo Norman origin, while two—the Darcy (Ó Dorchaí) and Kirwan (Ó Ciardhubháin) families—were Normanised Irish Gaels.
History
The Tribes were merchant families who prospered from trade with continental Europe. They dominated Galway's municipal government during the medieval and early modern eras.
The Tribes distinguished themselves from the Gaelic peoples who lived in the hinterland of the city. Many of these families spoke Irish as a second or even first language. However, the feared suppression of their common faith joined both groups together as Irish Catholics after the Irish Rebellion of 1641. During the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1653), Galway took the side of the Confederate Catholics. Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, the English government punished the Tribes. Galway was besieged and after it surrendered in April 1652, the Tribes had to face the confiscation of their property by the New Model Army.
The Tribes lost much of their power within Galway city after English Parliamentarians took over the Galway Corporation in 1654. Cromwell's forces referred to them by the derogatory name, "The Tribes of Galway", which the families later adopted as a mark of defiance.
Galway's urban elite gained a restoration of some of their power during the reign of the King Charles II (1660–1685) and his successor James II. However, Jacobite defeat in the War of the Two Kings (1689–91), marked the end of the Tribes' once overwhelming political influence on the life of the city. Power passed to the small Protestant population. Garrison members of the Tribes who owned land in Galway and Mayo were protected by the advantageous surrender provisions that were signed on 22 July 1691.
Notable members
= Athy
=John Athy (fl. 1426–1438), Sovereign of Galway
Margaret Athy (fl. 1508), founder of the Augustinian Friary of Forthill
= Blake
=John Blake fitz William, third Mayor of Galway, 1487–1488
Captain James "Spanish" Blake, fl. 1588–1635, spy and purported assassin of Red Hugh O'Donnell
Joaquín Blake y Joyes, (1759–1827), Spanish military officer who served with distinction in the French Revolutionary and Peninsular wars
= Bodkin
=John Bodkin fitz Richard, Mayor of Galway, 1518–19
Dominick Dáll Bodkin, mass murderer, executed 8 October 1740
Manuel Antonio Flórez Maldonado Martínez Ángulo y Bodquín, admiral in the Spanish Navy and viceroy of New Granada (1776–1781) and New Spain (1787–1789)
John Bodkin (died 1710), Roman Catholic Warden of Galway. After his death, his body was said to have been the subject of a miracle because it was thought to have not decayed
Michael Bodkin (c. 1888–1900), inspiration for Michael Furey in James Joyce's short story "The Dead"
= Browne
=Geoffrey Browne (died 1668), Irish Confederate lawyer and politician
Mary Bonaventure Browne (before 1610 – after 1670), Poor Clare and historian,
John Browne, 1st Marquess of Sligo
Garech Browne (1939–2018), patron of Irish arts and one-time manager of The Chieftains
= Darcy/D’Arcy (Ó Dorchaidhe)
=James Riabhach Darcy, Mayor of Galway, 1602–1603
Patrick Darcy (1598–1668), Catholic Confederate and lawyer who wrote the constitution of Confederate Ireland
Patrick Darcy (1725–1779), mathematician and soldier
= Deane
=Edmond Deane, 18th Mayor of Galway, 1502–1504
= Font (ffont)
=Geoffrey Font (1709–1814), centenarian
= French (ffrench)
=Christopher French, (fl. c. 1650–c.1713), theologian
Seán an tSalainn French (1489–1546), Mayor of Galway, 1538–1539
Arthur French, 1st Baron de Freyne
Patricio French (b. 1742–?) Spanish nobleman, merchant and politician
Conrad O'Brien-ffrench (1893–1986), artist and secret agent
= Joyce
=Henry Joyce, Mayor of Galway, 1542–1543
Richard Joyce (c. 1660 – c. 1737), creator of the Claddagh ring
Patrick Weston Joyce (1827 – November 1914) historian, writer, and music collector
= Kirwan (Ó Ciardhubháin)
=William Ó Ciardhubháin, founder of the merchant family
Dominick Kirwin (fl. 1642–1653?), Irish Confederate
Joseph W. Kirwan (1796–1849), first president of Queen's College, Galway
Magdalen Kirwan (c. 1830–1906), Sister of Mercy and manager of St. Vincent's Industrial School, Goldenbridge
Richard Kirwan (1733–1812), president of the Royal Irish Academy
Risteárd Buidhe Kirwan (1708–1779), soldier and duellist
Sarah Annette Kirwan (d. 1913), first wife of Sir Edward Carson, Ulster Unionist leader
Laurence P. Kirwan (1907–1999), KCMG, Egyptologist and archeologist; head of Royal Geographical Society
James Kerwin (b. 1973), Irish-American film director
= Lynch
=Anthony Lynch (c. 1576 – after 1636), Dominican and Barbary captive
Christopher Lynch (fl. 1601–1604), Mayor of Galway
Dominick Dubh Lynch (died 1508), second Mayor of Galway
Germyn Lynch (fl. 1441–1483), merchant and entrepreneur
Isidore Lynch (1755–1841), soldier
Jean-Baptiste Lynch (1749–1835), Mayor of Bordeaux and a peer of France
John Lynch (1599?–1677?), historian and Archdeacon of Tuam
Maire Lynch (fl. 1547), Countess of Clanricarde
Patrick Lynch (Argentina) (1715–1789) ancestor of Che Guevara
Thomas Kerr Lynch (1818–91), explorer
= Martin (Ó Máirtín)
=Edward Martyn (1859–1923), political and cultural activist
Francis Martin (1652–1722), Augustinian priest
Mary Gabriel Martyn (1604–1672), abbess of the Poor Clares of Galway
Mary Letitia Martin (1815–1850), writer
Peter Martin (STP) (died 1645), preacher
Richard Martin (1754–1834), founder of The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
Violet Florence Martin, (1862–1915), author
= Morris
=Andrew Morris, Mayor of Galway, 1588–1589
Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. George Henry Morris, 1872–1914, commanding officer of the Irish Guards
Michael Morris, Baron Morris (1826–1901), judge and Privy Counsellor
Martin Morris, 2nd Baron Killanin (1867–1927), politician
Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin (1914–99), sixth president of the International Olympic Committee 1972–80
Redmond Morris, 4th Baron Killanin (born 1947), filmmaker
Mouse Morris (born 1951), racehorse trainer and former jockey
= Skerrett
=John Skerrett (c. 1620 – c. 1688), preacher and missionary
Nicholas Skerrett (died 1583), archbishop of Tuam
Modern use
Similar to the nicknames used for other Irish counties, Galway city and county and its people are known as the tribesmen. This nickname is derived from this term.
The tribes also lend their names to 14 of the roundabouts in or around the boundaries of Galway city. The roundabouts are signposted on navy blue signs containing the tribe's name in the Irish language.
See also
Seven Noble Houses of Brussels
Bourgeois of Brussels
Bourgeois of Paris
Bourgeoisie of Geneva
References
Bibliography
Henry, William, Role of Honour:The Mayors of Galway City 1485–2001Galway, 2002. ISBN 0-906312-50-7
Martyn, Adrian, The Tribes of Galway:1124–1642, Galway, 2016. ISBN 978-0-9955025-0-5
External links
"Holdings: The tribes of Galway". Sources.nli.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
"Tribes of Galway Tribes Galway Ireland". Galway-ireland.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
"Landed Estates Database". Landedestates.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
"Athy". Landedestates.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
"Blake (Annaghdown)". Landedestates.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
"Bodkin (Annagh)". Landedestates.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
"D'Arcy (Kiltullagh & Clifden Castle)". Landedestates.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
"List of Charts from Ireland for the French family Association". Frenchfamilyassoc.com. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
Administrator. "Home". Martinhistory.net. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Galway
- Seattle
- Tribes of Galway
- Galway
- Galway United F.C.
- Mayor of Galway
- Martyn (surname)
- Richard Martyn (Mayor of Galway)
- County Galway
- History of Galway
- Peirce Lynch
- St. Nicholas' Collegiate Church
