• Source: Tubulinea

The Tubulinea are a major grouping of Amoebozoa, including most of the more familiar amoebae genera like Amoeba, Arcella, Difflugia and Hartmannella.




Characteristics



During locomotion most Tubulinea have a roughly cylindrical form or produce numerous cylindrical pseudopods. Each cylinder advances by a single central stream of cytoplasm, granular in appearance, and has no subpseudopodia. This distinguishes them from other amoeboid groups, although in some members this is not the normal type of locomotion.




Classification


This class was anticipated by some biologists such as Jahn, who grouped all amoebae with granular pseudopodia together, but most split the lobose amoebae into testate Testacealobosia and naked Gymnamoebia. These latter are polyphyletic, but molecular trees by Bolivar et al. identified a core monophyletic subgroup. Subsequent studies showed the testate lobose amoebae belong to the same group, which was thus renamed Lobosea sensu stricto or Tubulinea.




= Taxonomy

=
The class Tubulinea, as of 2022, is classified into three major groups: Corycida, Echinamoebida and Elardia. The most taxonomically abundant group is Elardia, which contains the testate amoebae of Arcellinida and the naked amoebae of orders Leptomyxida and Euamoebida.

Corycidia Kang et al. 2017
Family Microcoryciidae de Saedeleer 1934
Order Trichosida Moebius 1889
Family Trichosphaeriidae Sheehan & Banner 1973
Order Echinamoebida Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. 2011
Family Vermamoebidae Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011
Family Echinamoebidae Page 1975
Elardia Kang et al. 2017
Order Leptomyxida Pussard & Pons 1976 em. Page 1987
Family Flabellulidae Bovee & Jahn, 1967 ex Bovee 1970
Family Gephyramoebidae Pussard & Pons 1976
Family Leptomyxidae Goodey 1915
Family Rhizamoebidae Smirnov et al. 2016
Superorder Eulobosia Cavalier-Smith 2016
Order Euamoebida Lepşi 1960 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
Family Nolandellidae Cavalier-Smith 2011
Family Hartmannellidae Singh 1951 em. Smirnov et al. 2011
Family Amoebidae (Ehrenberg 1838) Page 1987
Order Arcellinida Kent 1880
Suborder Phryganellina Bovee 1985
Family Phryganellidae Jung 1942
Family Cryptodifflugiidae Jung 1942
Suborder Organoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
Family Microchlamyiidae Ogden 1985
Suborder Glutinoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
Infraorder Volnustoma Kosakyan et al. 2016
Family Heleoperidae Jung 1942
Infraorder Hyalospheniformes Lahr et al. 2019
Family Hyalospheniidae Schultze 1877 emend. Kosakyan & Lara 2012 [Nebelidae Taranek 1882]
Infraorder Excentrostoma Lahr et al. 2019
Family Centropyxidae Jung 1942 [incl. Plagiopyxidae]
Infraorder Cylindrothecina González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022
Family Cylindrifflugiidae González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022
Infraorder Longithecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
Family Lesquereusiidae [Paraquadrulidae Deflandre 1953]
Family Difflugiidae Wallich 1864
Infraorder Sphaerothecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
Family Netzeliidae Kosakyan et al. 2016 [Cyclopyxidae Schönborn 1989]
Family Arcellidae Ehrenberg 1832





















References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Amoeba (genus)
• Zygomycota
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Ascomycota
• Alga merah
• Hewan
• Basidiomycota
• Invertebrata
• Protista
• Tumbuhan
• Tubulinea
• Lobosa
• Amoebozoa
• Eukaryote
• Animal
• Amorphea
• Plant
• Copromyxa
• Amoebidae
• Bilateria