• Source: Turks in Tunisia

The Turks in Tunisia, also known as Turco-Tunisians and Tunisian Turks, (Arabic: أتراك تونس; French: Turcs de Tunisie; Turkish: Tunus Türkleri) are ethnic Turks who constitute one of the minority groups in Tunisia.
In 1534, with about 10,000 Turkish soldiers, the Ottoman Empire took control and settled in the region when Tunisia's inhabitants called for help due to fears that the Spanish would invade the country. Thus, during the Ottoman rule, the Turkish community dominated the political life of the region for centuries; as a result, the ethnic mix of Tunisia changed considerably with the continuous migration of Turks from Anatolia, as well as other parts of the Ottoman territories, for over 300 years. In addition, some Turks intermarried with the local population and their male offspring were called "Kouloughlis". Consequently, the terms "Turks" and "Kouloughlis" were used to distinguish between those of full and partial Turkish ancestry.




Demographics


Families of Turkish origin live mainly near the coastal cities, such as Tunis, Mahdia, Hammamet and the islands (such as Djerba), although there are also many living within central Tunisia as well.




Culture






= Language

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In 2012 the Tunisian government introduced the Turkish language in all Tunisian secondary schools.




= Religion

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The Ottoman Turks brought with them the teaching of the Hanafi School of Islam during the Ottoman rule of Tunisia, which still survives among the Turkish-descended families today. Traditionally, Turco-Tunisian mosques have octagonal minarets. Examples of Ottoman-Turkish mosques include:





















Notable people




The Turks in Tunisia were traditionally a privileged élite in Tunisia who held positions in the military and the bureaucracy. However, by the nineteenth century, marriages with the local population linked the ruling families to indigenous notables. At this time, many Turks also turned to commerce and the crafts, initially in the Souq el-Trouk (the Bazaar of the Turks), where a considerable number of merchants of Turkish ancestry emerged. The Turks also entered the corps of artisans. The Ben Romdhan family, of Turkish origin, claim much of the notable Tunisian families of Mahdia such as the Hamza, Turki, Gazdagli, Agha, and Snène families. Other prominent Tunisian families of Turkish origin include the Bayrams, Belkhodjas, El Materis, Sfars, Osmans, Mamis and the Slims.

Ahmed Abdelkefi, economist
Hassan Hosni Abdelwaheb, historian
Mahmoud Aslan, writer
Saloua Tarzi Ben Attia, politician
Al-Husayn I ibn Ali at-Turki, founder of the Husainid Dynasty
Mohamed Salah Baratli, resistant of the French occupation, opponent of President Bourguiba, human rights activist
Ahmed Bayram, religious cleric
M'hammed Bayram, religious cleric
Mohamed Bayram V, intellectual
Mohamed Taieb Bayram, religious cleric
Ahmed Belkhodja, religious cleric
Asma Belkhodja, pioneer of the Tunisian feminist movement
M'hammed Belkhodja, politician
Ali Bach Hamba, journalist and politician
Mohamed Bach Hamba, writer
Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud, filmmaker
Yasemin Besson, wife of Éric Besson
Hassen Bouhajeb, doctor
Mahmoud Bourguiba, journalist
Ahmed Chérif, doctor
Béchir Dinguizli, doctor
Mustapha Dinguizli, politician
Ali Douagi, literary and cultural icon
Abderrahman Dziri, medical researcher
Mustafa Elkatipzade, Fenerbahçe football manager
Nazli Fadhel, pioneer of the Tunisian feminist movement
Sadok Ghileb, politician
Fadhila Khetmi, theatre director
Afef Jnifen, model and actress
Mohamed Lahbib, pioneer of theater and television in Tunisia
Mahmoud El Materi, physician and politician
Moncef El Materi, former soldier and businessman
Sakher El Materi, businessman
Tahar El Materi, businessman
Habib Osman, photographer
Mustapha Osman, artist
Chafia Rochdi, singer and actress
Hichem Rostom, actor
Mourad Salem, artist
Rachid Sfar, former prime minister
Mongi Slim, nationalist leader and Minister
Mustapha Kamel Tarzi, diplomat
Najiya Thamir, writer and radio producer
Hedi Turki, painter
Yahia Turki, painter
Zoubeir Turki, painter
Abdeljelil Zaouche, Minister of Justice (1936–1943)
Sadok Zmerli, professor




See also


Kouloughlis
History of Ottoman-era Tunisia
Tunisia-Turkey relations
Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
Turks in the Arab world
Turks in Algeria
Turks in Libya




References






Bibliography

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