• Source: Un grand sommeil noir

Un grand sommeil noir (French: A Deep Black Sleep) is the earliest surviving composition by French composer Edgard Varèse. Written for voice and piano, the piece was finished in 1906 or before, more than a decade earlier than the next surviving composition, Amériques.




Background


This short composition was written while Varèse was still a student in Charles-Marie Widor's composition class at the Conservatoire de Paris. It is a setting of an eponymous poem by Paul Verlaine. It was presumably finished around 1906, although the precise date of completion is hard to ascertain. Dedicated to Léon Claude Mercerot, it was published in 1906 by Benjamin Roudanez and later republished by Éditions Salabert in 1973.




Structure


Un grand sommeil noir is scored for an unspecified voice and piano, although it is usually sung by a soprano. A typical performance has an approximate duration of around three minutes. It is in the key of E-flat minor and has an unchanging time signature of 44. Consisting of only 34 bars, it is a rather conventional composition by Varèse, who later became known for being a leading avant-garde figure. The score is marked Modérément lent ("moderately slowly") and, aside from other expression indications, it presents no tempo changes. Just like the original poem which expresses ideas of despair, solitude and the longing for release, the piece is itself somber and melancholic. It is generally a piece with delicate dynamic shading, never using a forte and with very little dynamic variation.




Arrangement


Musicologist Antony Beaumont wrote an arrangement of the piece in 1996. The arrangement, written for soprano and orchestra, was commissioned by Riccardo Chailly and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. It was performed directly for a recording with the commissioners of the piece taken in May 1998 and featured soprano Mireille Delunsch. The recording was later released by Decca Records.




Recordings






References






External links


Un grand sommeil noir: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Un grand sommeil noir
• Edgard Varèse
• Maurice Ravel
• Density 21.5
• Ionisation (Varèse)
• Sagesse
• List of compositions by Maurice Ravel
• 1906 in music
• Poème électronique
• Arthur Honegger