• Source: Vestibular fold

The vestibular fold (ventricular fold, superior or false vocal cord) is one of two thick folds of mucous membrane, each enclosing a narrow band of fibrous tissue, the vestibular ligament, which is attached in front to the angle of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the attachment of the epiglottis, and behind to the antero-lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, a short distance above the vocal process.
The lower border of this ligament, enclosed in mucous membrane, forms a free crescentic margin, which constitutes the upper boundary of the ventricle of the larynx.
They are lined with respiratory epithelium, while true vocal cords have stratified squamous epithelium.




Function


The vestibular folds of the larynx play a significant role in the maintenance of the laryngeal functions of breathing and preventing food and drink from entering the airway during swallowing. They aid phonation (speech) by suppressing dysphonia. In some ethnic singing and chanting styles, such as in Tuva, Sardinia, Mongolia, South Africa, and Tibet (...) the vestibular folds may be used in co-oscillation with the vocal folds, producing very low or high pitched sounds (most of the time, one octave higher).
Conversely, people who have had their epiglottis removed because of cancer do not choke any more than when it was present.




Society and culture


They have a minimal role in normal phonation, but are often used to produce deep sonorous tones in Tuvan throat singing, as well as in musical screaming and the death growl singing style used in various forms of metal. Simultaneous voicing with the vocal and vestibular folds is diplophonia. Some voice actors occasionally employ small amounts of this phonation for its dark, growling quality while portraying a "villainous" or antagonistic voice.




See also


Vocal folds
Aryepiglottic folds
Larynx




References


This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1079 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)




External links


lesson11 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (larynxsagsect, larynxmembranes)
Anatomy photo: respiratory/airways/larynx1/larynx4 - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Vestibular fold
• Larynx
• Laryngeal vestibule
• Laryngeal ventricle
• Undertone singing
• Vocal cords
• Tuvan throat singing
• Harvey Fierstein
• Quadrangular membrane
• Human voice