• Source: Vexillum (gastropod)

Vexillum is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Costellariidae.
This genus is not monophyletic. The genus Vexillum contains about 80% of costellariid diversity. It is considered a "dumping ground" for an array of unrelated forms.




Description


The shell is elongated, turreted, longitudinally ribbed or plicate. The spire is acuminated. The aperture is narrow. The columella shows numerous plaits. The outer lip is internally striated.
Vexillum species produce complex venoms dominated by highly diversified short cysteine-rich peptides, vexitoxins, related to conotoxins.




Distribution


This genus is cosmopolitan and occurs in tropical and temperate seas, but primarily in shallow waters (but also at bathyal depths) of the tropical Indo-Pacific.




Species


Species within the genus Vexillum include:




Taxa inquirenda


Vexillum lanceolatum (Hervier, 1897) (possible synonym of V. costatum)
Vexillum thaanumi Pilsbry, 1921
Vexillum tomlini (Melvill, 1925)
Mitra (Turricula) rufofilosa E. A. Smith, 1876
† Vexillum (Uromitra) holmesii (Dall, 1890)
Mitra (Pusia) elizae Melvill, 1899
Mitra nigrofasciata G. B. Sowerby II, 1874




Synonyms


Vexillum albatum Cernohorsky, 1988: synonym of Vexillum castum (H. Adams, 1872)
Vexillum apicinctum (Verco, 1896): synonym of Turriplicifer apicitinctus (Verco, 1896)
Vexillum arestum (Rehder, 1943): synonym of Vexillum articulatum (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum australe (Swainson, 1820): synonym of Turriplicifer australis (Swainson, 1820)
Vexillum balutense Herrmann, 2009: synonym of Pusia balutensis (Herrmann, 2009) (basionym)
Vexillum bilineatum (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Protoelongata bilineata (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum blanfordi (Melvill & Standen, 1901): synonym of Volutomitra blanfordi (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
Vexillum choslenae Cernohorsky, 1982: synonym of Pusia choslenae (Cernohorsky, 1982)
Vexillum cinerium [sic]: synonym of Vexillum leucozonias (Deshayes, 1833)
Vexillum cophinum (Gould, 1850): synonym of Vexillum sculptile (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum cordierii C. Maravigna, 1840 : synonym of Pusia ebenus (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum costellata J.B.G.M. Bory De Saint-Vincent, 1827 : synonym of Vexillum subdivisum costellaris (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1822
Vexillum crassum (Simone, 1995): synonym of Nodicostellaria crassa (Simone, 1995)
Vexillum cophinum A.A. Gould, 1850 : synonym of Vexillum sculptile (L.A. Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum corallinum (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Protoelongata corallina (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum cordierii C. Maravigna, 1840 : synonym of Pusia ebenus (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum crebriliratum L.A. Reeve, 1844: synonym of Vexillum acuminatum (J.F. Gmelin, 1791)
Vexillum crispata H.C. Koster, 1840: synonym of Vexillum vulpecula C. Linnaeus, 1758)
Vexillum cruentatum J.F. Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Vexillum virgo (C. Linnaeus, 1767)
Vexillum cruzana G.W. Nowell-Usticke, 1959 : synonym of Vexillum cubanum C.G. Aguayo & H.A. Rehder, 1936
† Vexillum cupressinum (Brocchi 1814): synonym of † Tosapusia cupressina (Brocchi, 1814)
Vexillum dautzenbergi Poppe, Guillot de Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006: synonym of Pusia dautzenbergi (Poppe, E. Guillot de Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006)
Vexillum decipiens P. Dautzenberg & J.L. Bouge, 1923: synonym of Vexillum hervieri (P. Dautzenberg & J.L. Bouge, 1923)
Vexillum diamesa R.P.J. Hervier, 1897 : synonym of Vexillum corbicula (G.B. II Sowerby, 1870)
Vexillum duplex Cernohorsky, 1982: synonym of Tosapusia duplex (Cernohorsky, 1982)
Vexillum ebenus (Lamarck, 1811): synonym of Pusia ebenus (Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum elegans J.H.F. Link, 1807: synonym of Vexillum citrinum (J.F. Gmelin, 1791)
Vexillum elegantula H.C. Köster, 1839: synonym of Condylomitra tuberosa (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum elima C.N. Cate, 1963 ex Dall MS: synonym of Vexillum micra H.A. Pilsbry, 1921
Vexillum elliscrossi Rosenberg & Salisbury, 1991: synonym of Pusia elliscrossi (Rosenberg & R. Salisbury, 1991)
Vexillum evelynae Guillot de Suduiraut, 2007: synonym of Tosapusia evelyniana (S.-I. Huang, 2017)
Vexillum exiguum (C. B. Adams, 1845): synonym of Atlantilux exigua (C. B. Adams, 1845)
Vexillum fasciata W.H. Dall, 1905: synonym of Vexillum taeniatum (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum fidis G.B. III Sowerby, 1916: synonym of Vexillum patulum (L.A. Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum filiareginae (J. Cate, 1961): synonym of Vexillum coloscopulus J. M. Cate, 1961
Vexillum fulvosulcatum (Melvill, 1888): synonym of Vexillum infaustum (Reeve, 1845)
† Vexillum fusellinum (Lamarck, 1803): synonym of † Conomitra fusellina (Lamarck, 1803)
Vexillum gemmatum (Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of Atlantilux gemmata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874)
Vexillum geoffreyanum (J.C. Melvill, 1910): synonym of Volutomitra geoffreyana (Melvill, 1910)
Vexillum gervilli B.C.M. Payraudeau, 1827: synonym of Pusia ebenus (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum glandiformis L.A. Reeve, 1845: synonym of Vexillum oniscinum (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum gloriosum Noodt, 1819: synonym of Vexillum taeniatum (Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum granum (Forbes, 1844): synonym of Pusia granum (Forbes, 1844)
Vexillum hadfieldi (Melvill & Standen, 1895): synonym of Vexillum exasperatum (Gmelin, 1791)
Vexillum haifensis F. Nordsieck, 198: synonym of Vexillum hypatiae (P.M. Pallary, 1912)
Vexillum hanleyi (Dohrn, 1861): synonym of Atlantilux exigua (C. B. Adams, 1845)
Vexillum hansenae Cernohorsky, 1973: synonym of Pusia hansenae (Cernohorsky, 1973)
Vexillum harpiferum J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1811: synonym of Vexillum virgo (C. Linnaeus, 1767)
Vexillum heleneae Herrmann, Stossier & R. Salisbury, 2014: synonym of Protoelongata heleneae (Herrmann, Stossier & R. Salisbury, 2014) (original combination)
Vexillum hedleyi R. Murdoch, 1905 : synonym of Peculator hedleyi (R. Murdoch, 1905)
Vexillum hirasei (Kira, 1962): synonym of Vexillum japonicum A. Adams, 1864
Vexillum isaoi (Kuroda & Sakurai, 1959): synonym of Tosapusia isaoi (Kuroda & Sakurai, 1959)
Vexillum joliveti Poppe & Tagaro, 2006: synonym of Costapex joliveti (Poppe & Tagaro, 2006) (basionym)
Vexillum kaicherae (Petuch, 1979): synonym of Nodicostellaria kaicherae (Petuch, 1979)
Vexillum kremerae (Petuch, 1987): synonym of Nodicostellaria kremerae Petuch, 1987
Vexillum kurodai (Sakurai & Habe, 1964): synonym of Tosapusia isaoi (Kuroda & Sakurai, 1959)
Vexillum lautum (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Pusia lauta (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum leonardhilli (Petuch, 1987): synonym of Turricostellaria leonardhilli Petuch, 1987
Vexillum laterculatum (Sowerby II & Sowerby III, 1874): synonym of Nodicostellaria laterculata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874)
Vexillum lindae (Petuch, 1987): synonym of Turricostellaria lindae Petuch, 1987
Vexillum loyaltyense (Hervier, 1897): synonym of Protoelongata loyaltyensis (Hervier, 1897)
Vexillum lubens (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Vexillum modestum (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum macrospirum (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Vexillum macrospira (A. Adams, 1853) (misspelling)
Vexillum marrowi Cernohorsky, 1973: synonym of Pusia marrowi (Cernohorsky, 1973) (original combination)
† Vexillum martini (Icke & K. Martin, 1907): synonym of † Vexillum dahanaensis (Vlerk, 1931)
Vexillum martinorum Cernohorsky, 1986: synonym of Costapex martinorum (Cernohorsky, 1986)
Vexillum marrowi Cernohorsky, 1973: synonym of Thaluta maxmarrowi (Cernohorsky, 1980)
Vexillum microzonias (Lamarck, 1811): synonym of Pusia microzonias (Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum militaris (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Vexillum militare (Reeve, 1845) (incorrect gender ending)
Vexillum nigritella (Bartsch, 1918): synonym of Vexillum exaratum (A. Adams, 1853) (synonym)
Vexillum nodospiculum (Cernohorsky, 1970): synonym of Atlantilux nodospicula (Cernohorsky, 1970)
Vexillum osiridis (Issel, 1869): synonym of Orphanopusia osiridis (Issel, 1869)
Vexillum pailoloanum J. M. Cate, 1963 : synonym of Volutomitra pailoloana (J. M. Cate, 1963)
† Vexillum parki R. S. Allan, 1926 : synonym of † Proximitra parki (R. S. Allan, 1926)
Vexillum patriarchalis (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Orphanopusia patriarchalis (Gmelin, 1791)
Vexillum pharaonis (Issel, 1869): synonym of Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844)
† Vexillum plicatellum P. Marshall & Murdoch, 1923: synonym of † Peculator plicatellus (P. Marshall & Murdoch, 1923)
Vexillum plicatum Röding, 1798: synonym of Vexillum plicarium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vexillum politum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Vexillum acuminatum (Gmelin, 1791)
Vexillum pratasense T.C. Lan, 2004: synonym of Tosapusia duplex (Cernohorsky, 1982)
Vexillum pseudomarginatum Suter, 1913: synonym of Austromitra rubiginosa (F. W. Hutton, 1873)
Vexillum puella (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Atlantilux puella (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum pullatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Vexillum plicarium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vexillum pumilio May, 1916: synonym of Austromitra schomburgki (Angas, 1878)
Vexillum puncturatum (Sowerby III, 1879): synonym of Vexillum zebuense (Reeve, 1844)
Vexillum rectilateralis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of Vexillum suluense (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Vexillum rhodarion Kilburn, 1972(original combination): synonym of Austromitra rhodarion (Kilburn, 1972)
Vexillum rhodochroa (Hervier, 1897): synonym of Atlantilux rubra (Broderip, 1836)
Vexillum rubrotaeniatum Herrmann, Stossier & R. Salisbury, 2014 (original combination): synonym of Protoelongata rubrotaeniata (Herrmann, Stossier & R. Salisbury, 2014)
Vexillum rubrum (Broderip, 1836): synonym of Atlantilux rubra (Broderip, 1836)
Vexillum rufobalteatum (Hervier, 1897): synonym of Vexillum turriger (Reeve, 1845)
† Vexillum rutidolomum Suter, 1917: synonym of † Proximitra rutidoloma (Suter, 1917)
Vexillum sagamiense (Kuroda & Habe, 1971): synonym of Vexillum castum (H. Adams, 1872)
Vexillum sanguisugum [sic]: misspelling of Vexillum sanguisuga (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vexillum sauternesense Guillot de Suduiraut, 1997: synonym of Tosapusia sauternesensis (E. Guillot de Suduiraut, 1997)
Vexillum savignyi (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of Pusia savignyi (Payraudeau, 1826)
Vexillum stephanucha (Melvill, 1897): synonym of Vexillum stephanuchum (Melvill, 1897) (incorrect gender ending)
Vexillum suave (Sowerby, 1875): synonym of Vexillum exquisitum (Garrett, 1873)
Vexillum superbum Röding, 1798: synonym of Vexillum vulpecula (Linnaeus, 1758) (junior subjective synonym)
† Vexillum suteri Finlay, 1924: synonym of † Proximitra enysi (Hutton, 1873)
Vexillum takisaoi [sic]: synonym of Neocancilla takiisaoi (Kuroda, 1959) (misspelling)
Vexillum tricolor (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Pusia tricolor (Gmelin, 1791)
Vexillum tuberosum (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Condylomitra tuberosa (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum turrigerum [sic]: misspelling of Vexillum turriger (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum venustum (Sarasúa, 1978): synonym of Vexillum pulchellum (Reeve, 1844)
Vexillum vicmanoui Turner & Marrow, 2001: synonym of Pusia vicmanoui (H. Turner & Marrow, 2001)
Vexillum virginalis (Lesson, 1842): synonym of Vexillum virginale (Lesson, 1842)
Vexillum vittatum (Swainson, 1821): synonym of Vexillum taeniatum (Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum vulpeculum [sic]: synonym of Vexillum vulpecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vexillum waitei Suter, 1909: synonym of Egestas waitei (Suter, 1909)
Vexillum weberi (Bartsch, 1918): synonym of Vexillum rugosum (Gmelin, 1791)
Vexillum xerampelinum (Melvill, 1895): synonym of Protoelongata xerampelina (Melvill, 1895)
Vexillum zebrinum (d'Orbigny in Webb & Berthelot, 1839): synonym of Pusia zebrina (d'Orbigny, 1840)
Vexillum zythochroa (Melvill, 1888): synonym of Vexillum catenatum (Broderip, 1836)




References



Swainson, W. (1840). A treatise on malacology or shells and shell-fish. London, Longman. viii
Turner H. (2001) Katalog der Familie Costellariidae Macdonald 1860 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Muricoidea). Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 100 pp.




External links



Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg. viii, 199 pp
Swainson, W. (1840). A treatise on malacology or shells and shell-fish. London, Longman. viii + 419 pp.
Blainville, H. M. D. de. (1824). Mollusques, Mollusca (Malacoz.), pp. 1-392. In: Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles (F. Cuvier, ed.), vol. 32. Levrault, Strasbourg et Paris, & Le Normant, Paris
Iredale, T. (1929). Queensland molluscan notes, No. 1. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 9(3): 261-297, pls 30-31
Bellardi, L. (1887). I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte V. Mitridae (continuazione). Ermanno Loescher, Torino, 72 pp., 2 pl.,
Swainson, W. (1829-1833). Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their apparent affinities. Second series. London: Baldwin & Cradock.
Fedosov A.E., Puillandre N., Herrmann M., Dgebuadze P. & Bouchet P. (2017). Phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of the family Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 179(3): 541-626
marinelifephotography.com: images of miters of Hawaii

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Vexillum (gastropod)
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