• Source: White River Fauna

The White River Fauna are fossil animals found in the White River Group of South Dakota, North Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado and Nebraska in the United States. In southwest South Dakota and northwest Nebraska, these fossils are characteristic of the White River Badlands (including Badlands National Park), though they can be found far beyond the limits of the White River watershed.
In Wyoming, the White River Group is undifferentiated, and is more commonly known as the White River Formation. Further east in Nebraska and South Dakota, the group is divided into the Chadron Formation (lower part) and Brule Formation (upper part). Exposures are less well-investigated in northeast Colorado and scattered sites across western North Dakota. The White River Group is overlain by the Sharps Formation in Badlands National Park and the Arikaree Group in northwest Nebraska.
Animals from the White River Group date from the Eocene and Oligocene epochs. The fauna is representative of four North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs):

Arikareean (late Oligocene - early Miocene, 29.5 - 18.5 million years ago)
Whitneyan (mid-Oligocene, 31.8 - 29.5 million years ago)
Orellan (early Oligocene, 33.9 - 31.8 million years ago)
Chadronian (late Eocene, 37 - 33.9 million years ago)




Birds






Mammals






= Artiodactyls

=



Antracotheres




Camelids




Entelodonts




Leptomerycids




Merycoidodontids




Protoceratids




Ruminants





= Creodonts

=




= Carnivorans

=



Amphiconids




Canids




Nimravids





= Epoicotheres

=




= Lagomorphs

=




= Perissodactyls

=



Brototheres




Equids




Rhinocerotoids




= Amynodonts
=



= Hyracodontids
=



= Rhinocerotids
=



Tapirids





= Rodents

=




Reptiles






= Crocodilians

=




= Lizards

=
Indeterminate iguanid, skink, and diploglossine (galliwasp) fossils are also known from the White River Group.




= Snakes

=




= Turtles

=
Indeterminate fossils of an anosteirine carettochelyid and a ptychogastrin geoemydid are also known from the White River Group.




Amphibians






See also


Category:White River Fauna




Further reading


Rachel Benton, The White River Badlands: Geology and Paleontology, Indiana University Press 2015
William Berryman Scott, A history of land mammals in the western hemisphere, MacMillan Publishing Company, 1913




References

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