- Source: William Burn
William Burn (20 December 1789 – 15 February 1870) was a Scottish architect. He received major commissions from the age of 20 until his death at 81. He built in many styles and was a pioneer of the Scottish Baronial Revival, often referred to as the golden age of Scottish architecture.
Life
Burn was born in Rose Street in Edinburgh, the son of architect Robert Burn and his wife Janet Patterson. He was the fourth of their sixteen children.
He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh's Old Town. He started training with Sir Robert Smirke in London in 1808. This is where he worked on Lowther Castle with C.R. Cockerell, Henry Roberts and Lewis Vulliamy.
After training with Smirke, Burn returned to Edinburgh in 1812. There, he established a practice from the family builders' yard. His first independent commission was in Renfrewshire. In 1812, he designed the exchange assembly rooms in Greenock. His father gave him the commission for a church in North Leith; this commission is what made his career and gave him a reputation.
In 1816, Burn entered a competition to complete Robert Adam's university. He lost the competition to William Henry Playfair. Thenceforth, Burn started designing country houses.
In 1827, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, unusual for an architect, his proposer being James Skene.
In 1825, he took on a pupil, David Bryce. In 1841, they went into partnership together. Bryce ran the Scottish office, and Burn ran the English office, in Stratton Street. From 1844, he worked in London, where he took on his nephew John Macvicar Anderson as a partner.
In the 1830s, he was living and working at 131 George Street in the New Town.
By 1850, the Scottish office was much more profitable, and the partnership ended.
Burn was a master of many styles. He was a pioneer of the Scottish Baronial Revival, with Helen's Tower (1848), Castlewellan Castle (1856) and Balintore Castle (1859).
Freemasonry
It has not been ascertained where Burn became a Freemason but he was the Grand Architect of the Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1827 to 1844 when his pupil, David Bryce, was named as 'joint' Grand Architect. Both served the Grand Lodge of Antient Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland, in that joint capacity, until 1849. Thereafter, David Bryce was Grand Architect in his own right until 1876.
Death
Burn died in 1870, aged 80, at 6 Stratton Street in Piccadilly, London, and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery just on the edge of the path to the north-west of the Anglican Chapel.
Trained under Burn
William Burn had many pupils:
John Honeyman
David Bryce
John Lessels
George Meikle Kemp
Thomas Brown
James Campbell Walker
William Eden Nesfield
David MacGibbon
Works
Burn was a prolific architect and happy to turn his hand to a variety of styles. He designed churches, castles, public buildings, country houses (as many as 600), monuments and other structures, mainly in Scotland, but also in England and Ireland. His works include among others:
= Scotland
=Ardanaiseig House, near Kilchrenan, Argyll
Auchterarder House (1831)
Balintore Castle, Angus (1859) Scottish Baronial
The Binns, remodelled for the Dalyell family (1811) Gothic
Blairquhan Castle, South Ayrshire (1821) Gothic
Blantyre Monument, Erskine (1825)
Buchanan Castle
Camperdown House, Dundee (1820) Greek Revival
Castle Menzies (1840) new wing
Carstairs House, South Lanarkshire (1820–1823) Gothic
Corstorphine Old Parish Church (1828) – considered too radical and returned to its medieval orientation in 1905
Dornoch Cathedral major reconstruction (1835–1837)
The Duke of Gordon's Monument, Elgin, Moray (1839)
Dundas Castle, near Edinburgh (1818) Gothic
Dunira, Perthshire (1852) demolished
Dupplin Castle (1828) demolished
The Edinburgh Academy (1824)
Gallanach House, near Oban, Argyll (1814)
Garscube House, Dunbartonshire (1827)
House of Falkland, Falkland, Fife (1839–1844)
Inverness Castle, Inverness (1836) Gothic
John Watson's Institution now the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh (1825) Neoclassic
Keir Parish Church, Keirmill Village, Dumfriesshire (1813)
Lauriston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland, (west range only) (1827) Jacobean
Lude House, Blair Atholl, Perth and Kinross (1837)
Murray Royal Lunatic Asylum, Perth (1827)
North Leith Parish Church, Madeira Street, Leith (1814) Neoclassical
Church of St John the Evangelist, Edinburgh (1818) Gothic
The Melville Monument in the centre of St Andrew Square, Edinburgh (1820–3) (topped by a statue by Robert Forrest)
New Abbey Church, Dunfermline, Fife (1821)
Madras College, St Andrews (1832) Jacobean
= England
=Adderstone Hall, near Lucker, Northumberland (1819) Georgian Grecian
Cliveden, Buckinghamshire
Harlaxton Manor, Grantham, Lincolnshire
Stoke Rochford Hall, Lincolnshire (1841–43).
Lynford Hall, Norfolk Jacobean
Montagu House, Whitehall, London, French Renaissance, demolished
Prestwold Hall, Loughborough, Leicestershire (1842) Classical
Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire (1845), Elizabethan-Jacobean
South Rauceby Hall, South Rauceby Lincolnshire (1842)
The Old Deanery, Lincoln, (1847)
Sandon Hall, Staffordshire, (1852), Jacobean
= Ireland
=Bangor Castle, County Down, Northern Ireland (1852) Elizabethan-Jacobean
Castlewellan Castle, County Down, Northern Ireland (1856) Scottish Baronial
Dartrey Castle, near Rockcorry in County Monaghan (1840s) Elizabethan-Jacobean, demolished
Helen's Tower, Clandeboye Estate near Bangor (1848) Scottish Baronial
Muckross House, Killarney, County Kerry (1843) Tudor
Conservatory at Killruddery House (1852)
Gallery
References
Further reading
Walker, David (1984): William Burn and the influence of Sir Robert Smirke and William Wilkins on Scottish Greek Revival Design, 1810–40 in Scottish Pioneers of the Greek Revival, The Scottish Georgian Society, Edinburgh, pp 3–35
External links
Gazetteer for Scotland- William Burn
"Archival material relating to William Burn". UK National Archives.
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