• Source: World Christianity

World Christianity or global Christianity has been defined both as a term that attempts to convey the global nature of the Christian religion and an academic field of study that encompasses analysis of the histories, practices, and discourses of Christianity as a world religion and its various forms as they are found on the six continents. However, the term often focuses on "non-Western Christianity" which "comprises (usually the exotic) instances of Christian faith in 'the global South', in Asia, Africa, and Latin America." It also includes Indigenous or diasporic forms of Christianity in the Caribbean, South America, Western Europe, and North America.




History of the term



The term world Christianity can first be found in the writings of Francis John McConnell in 1929 and Henry P. Van Dusen in 1947. Van Dusen was also instrumental in establishing the Henry W. Luce Visiting Professorship in World Christianity at Union Theological Seminary in 1945, with Francis C. M. Wei invited as its first incumbent. The term would likewise be used by the American historian and Baptist missionary Kenneth Scott Latourette, Professor of the History of Christianity at Yale Divinity School, to speak of the "World Christian Fellowship" and "World Christian Community". For these individuals, world Christianity was meant to promote the idea of Christian missions and ecumenical unity. However, after the end of World War II, as Christian missions ended in many countries, such as North Korea and China, and parts of Asia and Africa shifted due to decolonization and national independence, these aspects of world Christianity were largely lost.
The current usage of the term puts much less emphasis in missions and ecumenism. A number of historians have noted a twentieth-century "global shift" in Christianity, from a religion largely found in Europe and the Americas to one which is found in the Global South and Third World countries. Hence, world Christianity has more recently been used to describe the diversity and the multiplicity of Christianity across its two-thousand-year history.
Another term that is often used as analogous to world Christianity is the term global Christianity. However, scholars such as Lamin Sanneh have argued that global Christianity refers to a Eurocentric understanding of Christianity that emphasizes the replication of Christian forms and patterns in Europe, whereas world Christianity refers to the multiplicity of Indigenous responses to the Christian gospel. Philip Jenkins and Graham Joseph Hill contend that Sanneh's distinction between world Christianity and global Christianity is artificial and unnecessary.




Notable figures



Some notable figures in the academic study of world Christianity include Andrew Walls, Lamin Sanneh, and Brian Stanley, all three of whom are associated with the "Yale-Edinburgh Group on the History of the Missionary Movement and World Christianity". More recently, Klaus Koschorke and the “Munich School” of World Christianity has been highlighted for its contribution in understanding the polycentric nature of world Christianity.
In contrast to these historians, there is a growing number of theologians who have been engaging the field of world Christianity from the discipline of systematic theology, ecclesiology, and missiology. Some examples of this include the Pentecostal Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Catholic Peter C. Phan, and the Baptist Graham Joseph Hill.




See also



Acculturation
Afro-Brazilian religions
Cultural assimilation
European colonization of the Americas
Atlantic slave trade
Canadian Indian residential school system
Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery
Jesuit missions in North America
Native American people and Mormonism
Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)
Valladolid debate
Inculturation
Indigenous church mission theory
Latin American liberation theology
Missiology
Neo-charismatic movement
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
Prosperity theology
Reverse mission
Timeline of Christian missions
Translations of the Bible
Bible translations into Native American languages
Yale-Edinburgh Group




References






Further reading


Asamoah-Gyadu, Kwabena; Chow, Alexander; Wild-Wood, Emma (March 2021). "Editorial: The COVID-19 Pandemic and World Christianity". Studies in World Christianity. 26 (3). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press: 213–218. doi:10.3366/swc.2020.0306. eISSN 1750-0230. ISSN 1354-9901.
Cabrita, Joel; Maxwell, David; Wild-Wood, Emma, eds. (2017). Relocating World Christianity: Interdisciplinary Studies in Universal and Local Expressions of the Christian Faith. Theology and Mission in World Christianity. Vol. 7. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/9789004355026. ISBN 978-90-04-34262-0. ISSN 2452-2953.
Frederiks, Martha; Nagy, Dorottya, eds. (2020). World Christianity: Methodological Considerations. Theology and Mission in World Christianity. Vol. 19. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/9789004444867. ISBN 978-90-04-44166-8. ISSN 2452-2953. S2CID 228894117.
Hastings, Adrian, ed. (2000) [1999]. A World History of Christianity. Cambridge, U.K. and Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4875-8.
Hunt, Stephen J., ed. (2015). Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 10. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/9789004291027. ISBN 978-90-04-26538-7. ISSN 1874-6691.
Brenneman, Todd M. "Fundamentalist Christianity: From the American Margins to the Global Stage". In Hunt (2015), pp. 75–92.
Ng, Peter Tze Ming. "Chinese Christianity: A ‘Global-Local’ Perspective". In Hunt (2015), pp. 152–166.
Poon, Michael. "Christian Social Engagement in a Globalising Age". In Hunt (2015), pp. 247–265.
Thorsen, Jakob Egeris. "Trends in Global Catholicism: The Refractions and Transformations of a World Church". In Hunt (2015), pp. 27–48.
Wilkinson, Michael. "The Emergence, Development, and Pluralisation of Global Pentecostalism". In Hunt (2015), pp. 93–112.
Jenkins, Philip (2011). The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/0195146166.001.0001. ISBN 9780199767465. LCCN 2010046058. OCLC 678924439.
Wilken, Robert Louis (2013). The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11884-1. JSTOR j.ctt32bd7m. LCCN 2012021755.
Young, F. Lionel III (2021). World Christianity and the Unfinished Task: A Very Short Introduction. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books. ISBN 978-1-7252-6654-4

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