• Source: Yanagawa Domain

Yanagawa Domain (柳河藩, Yanagawa-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now eastern Fukuoka Prefecture. It was centered around Yanagawa Castle in what is now the city of Yanagawa, Fukuoka and was ruled by the tozama daimyō Tachibana clan for much of its history.




History


Following Toyotomi Hideyoshi's conquest of Kyushu of 1586-1587, he assigned Tachibana Muneshige as castellan of Yanagawa Castle with a fief of 132,000 koku. However, at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 he sided with the pro-Toyotomi Western Army, and was dispossessed by the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu. The Tokugawa shogunate demoted him to 30,000 koku at Tanagura Domain in Mutsu Province.
In the same year, Tanaka Yoshimasa, the castellan of Okazaki Castle in Mikawa Province, was awarded 325,000 koku in Chikugo Province for his achievement in capturing Ishida Mitsunari and entered Yanagawa Castle. Yoshimasa vigorously carried out the maintenance of the territory, such as renovating the Chikugo River, encouraging the development of new paddy fields, and building a 32-kilometer embankment on the coast of the Ariake Sea. He was succeeded by his son, Tanaka Tadamasa, who died of illness without heir in 1620, causing attainder of the domain.
The former Tanaka territory was divided, and Tachibana Muneshige, who had managed to receive a pardon, returned to Yanagawa Castle with an increase in kokudaka to 109,000 koku. In addition, in the following year (1621), Tachibana Tanetsugu, a nephew of Muneshige, entered established Miike Domain with a kokudaka of 10,000 koku.
Under the second daimyō, Tachibana Tadashige, stipends for vassals was changed in 1658 from a land-based system to fixed payments from the domain treasury, with all lands now coming during the direct control of the domain. Under the fourth daimyō, Tachibana Akitaka, a daimyō residence called "Shukkei-tei" was erected to the west of the castle in 1697. In 1738, the Ōoku of Yanagawa Domain was relocated from the Ni-no-maru enclosure of Yanagawa Castle to this mansion, which was the renamed "Ohana". This building still exists as the Japanese-style inn "Ohana" run by the Tachibana family.
After Tachibana Taneyoshi, the daimyō of Miike Domain was dispossessed in 1806 and sent to Shimotedo Domain in Mutsu Province, the territory of Miike Domain became tenryō under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate. However, in 1816, this territory was assigned to Yanagawa Domain to administer on behalf of the shogunate. In 1851, half the territory, or 5000 koku, was returned to Shimotedo Domain and after Miike Domain was re-established in 1867, custodianship of the territory ended.
The last daimyō of Yanagawa, Tachibana Akitomo, reformed the domain's administration, focusing on financial reconstruction by establishing domain monopolies and issuing large quantities of hansatsu paper money, which were used by Yanagawa merchants to buy local products, send them to Nagasaki to sell, and paid the profits from the trade back to the domain. He also made efforts to introduce Western-style guns in his military, and participated in the First and Second Chōshū expeditions on the side of the shogunate. During the Boshin War, he sided with the new government and fought in the Battle of Aizu, for which he received an increase of 5000 koku in 1869 by the Meiji government. In the same year, he became imperial governor of Yanagawa. In 1871 he moved to Tokyo by order of the new government following the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures. Yanagawa Castle was burnt down in 1872, possibly as a measure to prevent the Tachibana family treasures from being confiscated by the new government. In 1871, after briefly becoming "Yanagawa Prefecture", it was incorporated into Fukuoka Prefecture through "Mizuma Prefecture".
Tachibana Akitomo became a count in the kazoku peerage in 1884.




Holdings at the end of the Edo period


As with most domains in the han system, Yanagawa Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.

Chikugo Province
115 villages in Yamato District
27 villages in Mizuma District
55 villages in Miike District
10 villages in Shimotsuma District
18 villages in Kamitsuma District




List of daimyō






See also


List of Han
Abolition of the han system




References






External links


(in Japanese) Yanagawa on "Edo 300 HTML" (19 Oct. 2007)

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