• Source: Zacharias Werner

Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias Werner (18 November 1768 – 17 January 1823) was a German poet, dramatist, and preacher. As a dramatist, he is known mainly for inaugurating the era of the so-called "tragedies of fate".




Biography


Werner was born at Königsberg in East Prussia. At the University of Königsberg, he studied law and attended Kant's lectures. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Rousseau's German disciples were also influences that shaped his view of life. He lived an irregular life and entered a series of unsuccessful marriages. However his talent was soon recognized, and in 1793 he became chamber secretary in the Prussian service in Warsaw. In 1805 he obtained a government post in Berlin, but two years later he retired from the public service in order to travel.
In the course of his travels, and by correspondence, Werner became acquainted with many eminent literary figures of the time, for example Goethe at Weimar and Madame de Staël at Coppet. At Rome, he joined the Roman Catholic Church in 1811. He was consecrated a priest in 1814 at Aschaffenburg, and, exchanging the pen for the pulpit, became a popular preacher in Vienna, where, during a congress in 1814, his eloquent sermons were listened to by crowded congregations. He was later appointed head of the chapter of the cathedral of Kaminiec.
Werner died in Vienna.




Works


He succeeded in having his plays put on the stage, where they met with much success. Verdi's opera Attila is based on Werner's drama of the same name. Werner's Der 24. Februar, thus titled because his mother and an intimate friend died on that day, introduced the era of the so-called "tragedies of fate." Several of his dramatic poems were designed to evangelize freemasonry. His dramatic duology published in English as The Templars in Cyprus and The Brethren of the Cross was based on the idea that some survivors of the Templar suppression escaped to Scotland and founded Freemasonry. Beethoven considered the first part as a possible opera project. Schubert set his poem Eh’ die Sonne früh aufersteht to music.
Among his titles were:

Vermischte Gedichte, 1789
Die Söhne des Thals, 1803-1804, in two parts
Die Templer auf Cypern, 1803
The Templars in Cyprus English
Die Kreuzesbrüder, 1804
The Brethren of the Cross: a dramatic poem English
Das Kreuz an der Ostsee, 1806
Die Brautnacht, 1806
Martin Luther oder die Weihe der Kraft, 1806
Der vierundzwanzigste Februar, 1808 (translated into French by Jules Lacroix, Paris, 1849)
Attila, König der Hunnen, romantische Tragödie, 1809
Wanda, 1810
Die Weihe der Unkraft, 1813, a recantation of his earlier work Martin Luther
Kunigunde die Heilige, 1815
Geistliche Übungen für drei Tage, 1818
Die Mutter der Makkabäer, 1820
Zacharias Werner's Theater, a collection (without the author's consent) of Werner's work in 6 volumes, appeared in 1816-1818. Ausgewählte Schriften (Selected writings with a biography by K. J. Schütz) in 15 volumes appeared 1840-1841.




Notes






References


Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Werner, Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias" . The American Cyclopædia.
Carlyle, Thomas (1828). "Life and Writings of Werner". Critical and Miscellaneous Essays: Volume I. The Works of Thomas Carlyle in Thirty Volumes. Vol. XXVI. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (published 1904). pp. 87–145.
Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1888). "Werner, Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Werner, Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias" . Encyclopedia Americana.
Attribution:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Werner, Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 523–524.




External links


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