• Source: Zu Bethlehem geboren

      • "Zu Bethlehem geboren" is a German Christmas carol. The text is attributed to Friedrich Spee and was first printed in the collection Geistlichen Psälterlein (Little sacred psalter) by Johannes Heringsdorf in Cologne in 1637. The author was unknown until the 20th century, but research of style and content arrived at the attribution. The song was printed with a then-popular secular melody in 1638. The song appears in current Catholic and Protestant hymnals.


      Melody and settings


      The melody was taken from a French chanson that was popular at the time, Une petite feste, with a frivolous text. It is found in a Paris song collection by Pierre Cerveau, Airs mis en musique à quatre parties (1599), and also in Pierre Bonnet's Airs et vilanelles mises en musique à 4 et 5 parties (1600). Spee often wrote sacred texts for secular melodies, intending to fight their "pestilent poison" ("pestilenzisch Gift").
      The song was printed with the melody in 1638, titled Hertzopffer (The heart's sacrifice) in the Cologne collection Geistlicher Psalter. Probably even sooner, the melody appeared with a text for Kindelwiegen, "Nun wiegen wir das Kindlein" (Now we rock the little child) in a manuscript tablature, which was written by Henricus Beginiker from 1623.
      In the 19th century, the hymn became a sacred folksong. Anton Wilhelm von Zuccalmaglio used the same melody, slightly modified, for a lullaby "Die Blümelein, sie schlafen" (The little flowers, they sleep) in 1840. This version was adopted by Johannes Brahms as "Sandmännchen", No. 4 of his 15 Volkskinderlieder, WoO 31 (McCorkle), with a piano accompaniment, first printed in Winterthur by J. Rieter-Biedermann in 1858.
      The song is part of current German hymnals, in the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG 32, and in the Catholic Gotteslob as GL 239.


      Text and melody




      See also


      List of Christmas carols


      References




      Further reading


      Wilhelm Bäumker: Das katholische deutsche Kirchenlied in seinen Singweisen. Herder, Freiburg. vol. 1, 1886, p. 416 (Digitalisat); vol. 3, 1891, p. 170 (Digitalisat); vol. 4, 1911, pp. 440 f.
      Britta Martini: "Zu Bethlehem geboren". In: Ansgar Franz (ed.): Kirchenlied im Kirchenjahr. Fünfzig neue und alte Lieder zu den christlichen Festen (= Mainzer Hymnologische Studien. Band 8). Francke, Tübingen/Basel 2002, ISBN 3-7720-2918-3, pp. 99–107.
      Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann: Das Buch der Weihnachtslieder. 11th ed. Schott, Mainz 2004 [1982], ISBN 3-254-08213-3.


      External links


      "Zu Bethlehem geboren": Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
      "Zu Bethlehem geboren", Christian Lieder Database
      "Zu Bethlehem geboren", Tobias Widmaier (2008), analysis, versions, Historisch-kritisches Liederlexikon (in German)
      "Zu Bethlehem geboren" on youtube, in the style of the so-called New Spiritual Song (NGL: "Neues Geistliches Lied")
      "Zu Bethlehem geboren" Liederprojekt of SWR2 and Carus-Verlag

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