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1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
On February 21–23, 1998, a devastating tornado outbreak affected portions of the Southeastern United States, primarily the U.S. state of Florida. It was the deadliest tornado event in Florida history. In all, 15 tornadoes touched down, one of which was long lived and tracked for nearly 40 miles (64 km). Affecting mainly the Interstate 4 (I-4) corridor of Central Florida, including the Greater Orlando area, the tornadoes—among the strongest ever recorded in Florida—produced near-violent damage, killed 42 people, and caused 259 injuries.
One of the tornadoes was initially rated an F4 on the Fujita scale—among only two others officially so designated in the State of Florida, in 1958 and 1966—but was subsequently downgraded to a high-end F3; with 25 fatalities, most of which occurred in and near Kissimmee, this tornado featured the deadliest single-tornado death toll in Florida history, the previous such record being 17 on March 31, 1962. Two other F3s and a couple of additional strong tornadoes occurred over portions of Central Florida during the outbreak, killing an additional 17 people and injuring 109 others.
As the most intense activity of the outbreak occurred after sunset, concentrated either shortly prior to or after midnight, and affected densely populated portions of the I-4 corridor, including numerous mobile home and recreational vehicle (RV) parks, many sleeping residents became casualties; of the 42 deaths, 40 occurred in manufactured housing or trailers, including 15 at the Morningside Acres mobile home park and eight at the Ponderosa RV Park, both of which were located in Kissimmee.
Background
On February 22, 1998, data from both NEXRAD and weather satellites indicated that a bow echo and associated outflow boundary bisected portions of the Florida Panhandle and northernmost peninsular Florida, including the First Coast. Along the boundary, a vigorous squall line with embedded supercells—the initial nexus of severe weather—developed over the eastern Gulf of Mexico and headed eastward, toward the Tampa Bay Area. Ahead of the squall line, a retreating warm front coincided with robust atmospheric instability due to diurnal heating. By 7:00 p.m. EST, a low-pressure area near Mobile, Alabama, was linked to a cold front that extended southward, just off the west coast of Florida, while a trough in the middle to upper troposphere generated a strong subtropical jet maximum of up to 140 kn (160 mph; 260 km/h). This upper-level jet streak intersected a strengthening low-level wind field, with winds locally in excess of 50 kn (58 mph; 93 km/h) just above the surface, and thereby yielded conducive conditions to tornadogenesis.
During the evening and the overnight hours of February 22–23, 1998, this volatile environment—known to be common in the El Niño phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the Florida dry season (November 1 – April 30)—eventually produced seven tornadoes between about 11:00 p.m. EST on February 22 and 2:30 am. EST on the following morning. During El Niño the jet stream is typically stronger and displaced southward near or over Florida during meteorological winter and spring, thereby augmenting the likelihood of significant severe weather and tornado activity. During February 1998 one of the strongest El Niño episodes on record was ongoing, rivaling a similar episode in 1982–3 that had also contributed to elevated tornado activity over Florida. By October 1997, the National Weather Service (NWS) in Melbourne, Florida, highlighted the potential for enhanced severe weather over the coming months due to El Niño.
By 6:00 am. EST (11:00 UTC) on February 22, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) had issued a convective outlook for day one indicating a moderate risk of severe thunderstorms capable of producing tornadoes over portions of North and Central Florida. At 11:55 am. EST (16:55 UTC), the NWS in Melbourne also issued a Hazardous Weather Outlook (HWO) highlighting a "significant" threat of tornadoes, hail, and destructive winds. By 1:44 pm. EST (18:44 UTC), the SPC issued its first tornado watch covering portions of the threatened area in Central Florida. Numerous, long-lived supercells with persistent mesocyclones would eventually evolve during the evening and track generally east-northeastward or northeastward over Central Florida, generating tornadoes that killed 42 people and seriously injured at least 259 others, making the outbreak the deadliest in Florida's history, surpassing another that killed 17 people on March 31, 1962, in Santa Rosa County.
Confirmed tornadoes
= February 21 event
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= February 22 event
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= February 23 event
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= Intercession City–Campbell–Poinciana–Kissimmee–Buenaventura Lakes–Lake Hart–Lake Mary Jane, Florida
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This devastating, long-tracked tornado was initially assigned an F4 rating, but NWS assessments later reduced this to high-end F3 intensity. The tornado began near Intercession City, only 8 mi (13 km) southeast of Walt Disney World, and moved northeastward. It first did some minor damage to homes in the Campbell–Poinciana area. As it moved into Kissimmee, it leveled part of The Shops at Kissimmee shopping center and crossed the northern part of Lake Tohopekaliga.
The tornado subsequently crossed U.S. Route 441 and reached its maximum intensity as it struck the Ponderosa Pines RV park. In the RV park, at least 10 people died and almost all of the 200 residences, including both RVs and mobile homes, were destroyed. Many of these residences had their frames thrown, stripped, and wrapped around trees. Many trees were snapped and uprooted as well. Nearby, the Morningside Acres mobile home park was devastated as well. Upon leaving the Ponderosa Pines and Morningside areas, the tornado heavily damaged homes next to a school in the Lakeside Estates subdivision of Buenaventura Lakes.
After devastating the Kissimmee area, the tornado mostly impacted rural, swampy areas in Orange and Brevard counties, though it hit a few lakeside homes in Lake Hart and Lake Mary Jane. It lifted over the Tosohatchee Wildlife Management Area, 8 mi (13 km) east-southeast of Christmas, west of Port St. John—just before the Great Outdoors RV Park, which, according to the NWS, was "one of the largest in the United States, housing 1,000 recreational vehicle lots." Along the entire path, 1,000 structures were damaged or destroyed, including several well-built homes that were nearly leveled. At least one new home, built of stucco and CBUs, was flattened except for its front entryway and part of a wall.
See also
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
2007 Groundhog Day tornado outbreak
Notes
References
Sources
Brooks, Harold E. (April 2004). "On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity". Weather and Forecasting. 19 (2): 310–19. Bibcode:2004WtFor..19..310B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0310:OTROTP>2.0.CO;2.
Cook, A. R.; Schaefer, J. T. (August 2008). "The Relation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to Winter Tornado Outbreaks". Monthly Weather Review. 136 (8): 3135. Bibcode:2008MWRv..136.3121C. doi:10.1175/2007MWR2171.1.
Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001a). The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001b). F5-F6 Tornadoes. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films.
Hagemeyer, Bartlett C. (September 1997). "Peninsular Florida Tornado Outbreaks". Weather and Forecasting. 12 (3). Boston: American Meteorological Society: 400. Bibcode:1997WtFor..12..399H. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1997)012<0399:PFTO>2.0.CO;2.
National Weather Service (February 1998). Storm Data Publication (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information – via Storm Events Database.
National Weather Service (February 1998). "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data. 40 (2). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center.
Sharp, David W.; Cristaldi, Anthony J.; Spratt, Scott M.; et al. (October 22, 1998). Multifaceted General Overview of the East Central Florida Tornado Outbreak of 22–23 February 1998 (PDF). NWS WFO Melbourne, Florida (Report). Melbourne, Florida: National Weather Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 29, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
United States Department of Commerce (June 1998). Central Florida Tornado Outbreak February 22–23, 1998 (PDF). National Weather Service (Report). Service Assessment. Silver Spring, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
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1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
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1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak - Wikipedia
On February 21–23, 1998, a devastating tornado outbreak affected portions of the Southeastern United States, primarily the U.S. state of Florida. It was the deadliest tornado event in Florida history.
Central Florida Tornado Outbreak – February 22-23, 1998
Feb 22, 2019 · It was deemed “The Night of the Tornadoes” – The most deadly tornado outbreak in Florida history occurred during the nighttime hours of February 22-23, 1998. A total of seven tornadoes swept through the central parts of the state between 1055pm EST and 230am EST.
1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak - Simple English Wikipedia, …
The 1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak, also known as the Central Florida tornado outbreak or The Night of The Tornadoes was a deadly tornado event in Florida during the night of February 22-23, 1998 in the central part of the state, including the Orlando area.
February 1998 Central Florida Tornado Outbreak 20th …
The most devastating tornado outbreak in Florida’s history occurred during the late night and early morning hours of February 22-23, 1998. A total of seven significant tornadoes were confirmed
Central Florida Tornado Outbreak February 22-23, 1998
The tornado first touched down at 12:40 a.m. in northwest Osceola County just southwest of Kissimmee and moved northeastward for about 38 miles, dissipating in extreme eastern Orange County at about 1:28 a.m. The first tornado fatalities occurred at approximately 12:50 a.m. in the Ponderosa RV Park.
25 years since worst tornado outbreak in Florida history - My News 13
Feb 22, 2023 · Significant structural damage is left behind at a block home in the Lakeside subdivision in Kissimmee, Fla., following a tornado that hit in the early morning of Feb. 23, 1998.
Multifaceted General Overview of the East Central Florida …
During the late night and early morning hours of 22-23 February 1998 (Sunday-Monday), the most devastating tornado outbreak ever to occur in the state of Florida, in terms of both loss of life and property damage, occurred within the National Weather Service Office in Melbourne's (NWS MLB) county warning area. Forty-
Tornadoes of 1998 - Wikipedia
For portions of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, it was the second historic severe weather outbreak in three days, as it immediately followed the Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho on May 30–31, which spawned 41 tornadoes over New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Vermont, caused an estimated $83 million in damage, 109 injuries ...
NSSL SWAT Case Study - 23 February 1998 Central Florida Tornadoes
Tornado damage associated with this long-lived mesocyclone primarily affected the area from Intersession City through Kissimmee to near Titusville and Cape Canaveral where the storm headed out to sea (NWS, Melbourne, FL).
Central Florida tornado outbreak February 22-23, 1998
"The devastating tornadoes that struck central Florida the night of February 22-23, 1998, resulted in a decision by the National Weather Service (NWS) to conduct a Service Assessment.
