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The .220 Swift (5.56×56mmSR) is a semi-rimmed rifle cartridge developed by Winchester and introduced in 1935 for small game and varmint hunting. It was the first factory-loaded rifle cartridge with a muzzle velocity of over 1,200 m/s (4,000 ft/s).
Description
The velocity of the cartridge ranges from 2,000 km/h (1,200 mph; 560 m/s; 1,800 ft/s) up to about 4,500 km/h (2,800 mph; 1,200 m/s; 4,100 ft/s). The Swift is a large-cased .224 caliber cartridge and bullet that was created for small game such as prairie dogs, groundhogs, marmots and other vermin (or "varmints" in the US). When introduced it was 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) faster than its nearest varmint-hunting competitor, which was the .22 Hornet (also .224 caliber). It was found to be an extremely accurate cartridge as well.
Due to its very high velocity its bullet drop allows precise sighting to ranges out to 375 yd (343 m), and it is still considered an excellent cartridge for taking varmints by experienced Swift shooters.
The original factory load from Winchester provided a 48-grain (3.1 g) bullet launched at 1,200 metres per second (4,100 ft/s). Handloaders could marginally improve on this but only at maximum loads. The Swift can be loaded with light bullets to reach 1,300 m/s (4,400 ft/s). In recent times 75-grain (4.9 g) .224" bullets have been developed for use in high velocity .22 caliber rifles for taking larger game and long-distance shooting. Heavier bullets perform best in rifles that have an appropriate rifling twist rate taking into consideration the diameter, length, and other physical properties of the projectile.
History
The prototype for the .220 Swift was developed in 1934–35 by Grosvenor Wotkyns who necked down the .250-3000 Savage as a means of achieving very high velocities. However the final commercial version developed by Winchester is based on the 6mm Lee Navy cartridge necked down, but besides inheriting headspacing on its rim from the parent, a feature already considered obsolete by 1930s, the protruding rim which complicates loading was even made larger to fit with 12mm-wide .30-06 bolt faces. The .220 Swift was developed by Winchester and introduced in 1935 as a new caliber for their Model 54 bolt-action rifle. When the Winchester Model 70 bolt action was first issued in 1936, the .220 Swift was one of the standard calibers offered and continued to be until 1964 when it was discontinued.
Acceptance
The Swift has the dubious privilege of being possibly the most controversial of all the many .224 in caliber cartridges, and has inspired equal heights of praise and criticism. Traditionalists have roundly condemned it as an overbore "barrel burner" which can wear out a chromoly barrel in as few as 200–300 rounds, especially if long strings of shots are fired from an increasingly hot barrel. Its supporters have maintained that the fault lies with poor-quality barrel steels and the failure of users to remove copper fouling after firing, and point to instances of rifles with fine-quality stainless steel barrels chambered for the Swift, which have maintained sub-MOA precision after well in excess of 4,000 shots. More popular, however, is the smaller and slightly lower velocity .22–250.
Drawbacks
Due to the cartridge being over capacity for the bore diameter and the extreme velocity of the projectiles, throat erosion is a common problem. Modern metallurgy and cryogenic treatment have vastly improved barrel life with the .220 Swift and other 4,000 ft/s (1,200 m/s) cartridges, although weapons firing these cartridges still usually require rechambering or rebarreling much sooner than those firing lower-velocity cartridges such as the .222 Remington and the .223 Remington.
Hunting controversy
The Swift remains a controversial deer caliber. Its use is prohibited in many US states and also in the Netherlands, England, Wales and Northern Ireland for large deer such as red, sika and fallow, but some states, such as Minnesota, currently allow smaller caliber rounds like the .220 Swift to be used. In the cartridge's early days during the 1930s, expert red deer stalkers such as W. D. M. Bell used the .220 Swift on large stags with great success, and extolled the caliber's seemingly magical killing powers, which they attributed to massive hydrostatic shock waves set up in the animal's body by the impact of the very high-velocity bullet.
Critics of the Swift have maintained that the light, 50-or-55-grain (3.2 or 3.6 g), bullet leaves an inadequate margin for error in bullet placement for the average deer shooter's skills, and thus invites wounding, which would have otherwise been avoidable. There is, however, little debate about the Swift's proven effectiveness on small deer species, such as roe, provided very fast-fragmenting "varmint"-type bullets are not used.
Most factory Swift rifles come with a fairly slow twist-rate such as 1–12 or 1–14 inch, designed to stabilize the lighter bullets popular in varmint hunting. Custom Swifts can have faster twist-rates such as 1–9 inch allowing them to stabilize heavy bullets, including those with a construction suitable for larger game.
P. O. Ackley maintained that the .220 Swift was a fine round for medium-large game and used it extensively, for example when culling wild burros in the American West.
Famous Alaskan wildlife control officer Frank Glaser also utilized the caliber extensively during the 1930's and 40's. Glaser used the Swift on all sorts of big game animals, including wolves, moose, caribou, and Dall sheep, and found that with carefully placed lung shots it would kill more instantaneously than any other caliber. However he considered it completely inadequate against grizzly bears, having to shoot an aggressive sow eleven times to put it down.
See also
5 mm caliber, other cartridges of 5–6 mm (.200–.236 in) caliber
Delta L problem
List of rifle cartridges
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
Varmint rifle
References
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Gunlistings.org - Rifles 220 Swift
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.220 Swift - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
.220 Swift
.220 Swift | Varmint and Small Game Powerhouse round?
.220 Swift | Varmint and Small Game Powerhouse round?
.220 Swift | Varmint and Small Game Powerhouse round?
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22-250 v/s 220 swift - Shooters' Forum
Feb 18, 2014 · 220 Swift, like 25-20 and some other offbeat specimens I own, seems to be one of those calibers whose brass is made in a batch once a year. Since the brass lives quite awhile, I haven't needed a lot, but generally I find one of the usual suspects (Midway, MidSouth, Natchez, Graf, etc.) comes through with a good price on a 100 case bulk bag some ...
22-250 ackley vs 220 swift - Shooters' Forum
Aug 23, 2014 · Probably not the basis for a sound debate but the rationale is if you are going to go for a 22/250 or 22/250 AI or a .220 Swift, why not go all out.Plus he has a new .220 AI reamer. I have heard all the arguments for and against and thought what the hell why not take a walk on the wild side, I am a long time dead and this is not a rehearsal.
6.5mm creedmoor vs. .220 swift - Shooters' Forum
Mar 11, 2015 · At the closer ranges I would say the swift, .22-250, and any other round moving above 3500fps would be considered flat shooting but not that I've really done some research, it seems that a fast shooting heavy bullet will shoot flatter at long range.
220 swift - Shooters' Forum
Mar 1, 2020 · Been kicking around the idea of getting another 220 swift but I'm wanting one in a regular weight barrel and preferably a Ruger M77 or No.1. Everything I've found so far has been the heavy weight barrels and was wondering how rare a …
.220 Swift Shooters | Shooters' Forum
Nov 21, 2023 · Once upon a time, Win. 760 was my "go to" powder. I gave up on the Win. 760 due to rapid carbon build-up in the leade. Both Accurate 2700 and RL-17 have proven excellent. Per above, H-4831SC shoots small, but relatively slow . . . depends upon what one wants. That said, all of my experience is via .220 Swift Ackley Improved version. RG
220 WEATHERBY ROCK - Shooters' Forum
Mar 17, 2008 · The Rocket, as one shooter said is nothing more than the .220 Swift improved. It is a little more drastic in case capacity than a regular Swift Improved, that is why I stay with it. If the reamer is designed correctly, the case will have a 32 degree shoulder. Clymer was supposed to be the one that made the reamer for Weatherby.
220 Swift vs 22-6MM (224 TTH) with 70-85 gr bullets - Shooters' …
Sep 21, 2012 · Heres a 22XC and a .220 Swift both with a 75 A-Max. The junction of bearing surface and boattail is seated approximately .050 ahead of neck/shoulder junction on both. Now i am seriously contemplating an 8 twist Swift set up for 75 A-Max after seeing the OP's thread. Looking at the 75 A-Max in the Swift case they just seem like a perfect match ...
Aug 12, 2022 · The parent case of the 6PPC is the .220 Russian. they all share the same head configuration. Case Length Gauge & Shell Holder Lee Case Length Gauge is a precise, easy way to trim to length and square the case mouth.
220 swift 1-14 - Shooters' Forum
Apr 15, 2008 · Been shooting the 220 Swift for 30+ years. Started with a first year production Savage 112V Series J, which is a single-shot with 26-inch-long, 14-inch twist barrel.
220 swift powders - Shooters' Forum
Apr 23, 2022 · Although I haven't used H-414 I am pretty sure it is slower, whitch should make a better swift powder. Mainly I used 4064 in 22-250 and I used it in a swift but I only had one and it was only OK in accuracy dept. Not to take away from the swift but the one I owned was a EARLY! howa action with an E.R. Shaw barrel and it was used when I traded ...
