7.2
8.198
7.032
7.321
7
6.967
6.3
6.699
7.6
7.667
6.9
7.588
7.087
6
6.7
35th United States Congress GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859, during the first two years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
Panic of 1857
March 4, 1857. James Buchanan became President of the United States
March 6, 1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford
July 18, 1857: Utah Expedition left Fort Leavenworth, effectively beginning the Utah War
August 21, 1858: First of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was held
March 3, 1859: Financial appropriations for the improvement and construction of lighthouses.
Major legislation
Treaties
March 12, 1858: Treaty with the Ponca signed
April 19, 1858: Treaty with the Yankton Sioux signed
July 29, 1858: Harris Treaty signed with Japan
May 11, 1858: Minnesota admitted as the 32nd state
February 14, 1859: Oregon admitted as the 33rd state
Party summary
= Senate
=
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Minnesota and Oregon.
= House of Representatives
=
During this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Minnesota and one House seat was added for the new state of Oregon.
Leadership
= Senate
=
President: John C. Breckinridge (D)
President pro tempore: James M. Mason (D), March 4, 1857, only
Thomas J. Rusk (D), elected March 14, 1857
Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), elected December 7, 1857
= House of Representatives
=
Speaker: James L. Orr (D)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
= Senate
=
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1862; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1860.
= House of Representatives
=
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
= Senate
=
Replacements: 5
Democrats (D): no net change
Whigs (W): no net change
Republicans (R): no net change
Americans (A): no net change
Deaths: 4
Resignations: 1
Interim appointments: 2
Seats of newly admitted states: 4
Total seats with changes: 9
= House of Representatives
=
Replacements: 10
Democrats (D): 3 seat net loss
Whigs (W): 3 seat net gain
Republicans (R): 1 seat net gain
Independent Democrats (ID): 1 seat net gain
Deaths: 5
Resignations: 6
Contested election:1
Seats of newly admitted states: 3
Total seats with changes: 14
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
= Senate
=
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Josiah J. Evans then William Wright)
Banks of the District of Columbia (Select)
Claims (Chairman: Alfred Iverson Sr.)
Commerce (Chairman: Clement Claiborne Clay)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Albert G. Brown)
Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William Wright)
Finance (Chairman: Robert M.T. Hunter)
Foreign Relations (Chairman: James M. Mason)
French Spoilations (Select)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: William K. Sebastian)
Judiciary (Chairman: James A. Bayard Jr.)
Military Affairs (Chairman: Jefferson Davis)
Military Asylum near Washington, D.C. (Select)
Militia (Chairman: N/A)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Stephen Mallory)
Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
Pacific Railroad (Select)
Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: David S. Reid)
Pensions (Chairman: George Wallace Jones)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: David Levy Yulee)
Printing (Chairman: Robert W. Johnson)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: Judah P. Benjamin)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Jesse D. Bright)
Public Lands (Chairman: Charles E. Stuart)
Retrenchment (Chairman: Stephen A. Douglas)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Josiah J. Evans)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Territories (Chairman: N/A)
Whole
= House of Representatives
=
Accounts (Chairman: John C. Mason)
Agriculture (Chairman: William G. Whiteley)
Claims (Chairman: Samuel S. Marshall)
Commerce (Chairman: John Cochrane)
District of Columbia (Chairman: William O. Goode)
Elections (Chairman: Thomas L. Harris)
Engraving (Chairman: Garnett B. Adrain)
Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John B. Haskin)
Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Albert G. Talbott)
Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Owen Jones)
Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: William Lawrence)
Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Wilson Reilly)
Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Allison White)
Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas L. Clingman)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred B. Greenwood)
Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Joshua H. Jewett)
Judiciary (Chairman: George S. Houston)
Manufactures (Chairman: William D. Bishop)
Mileage (Chairman: Robert Smith)
Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Quitman)
Militia (Chairman: Israel T. Hatch)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Thomas S. Bocock)
Patents (Chairman: James A. Stewart)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: William H. English)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: John M. Sandidge)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Lawrence M. Keitt)
Public Expenditures (Chairman: John M. Elliott)
Public Lands (Chairman: Williamson R. W. Cobb)
Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: William L. Dewart)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Samuel S. Cox)
Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: John Hickman)
Roads and Canals (Chairman: George W. Jones)
Rules (Select)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens)
Ways and Means (Chairman: J. Glancy Jones then John S. Phelps)
Whole
= Joint committees
=
Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Thomas G. Davidson)
The Library (Chairman: Rep. William H. Dimmick)
Printing (Chairman: Rep. Samuel A. Smith)
Caucuses
Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)
Employees
= Legislative branch agency directors
=
Architect of the Capitol. Thomas U. Walter
Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan
= Senate
=
Chaplain. Stephen P. Hill (Baptist)
Secretary. Asbury Dickins
Sergeant at Arms. Dunning R. McNair
= House of Representatives
=
Chaplain: None
Clerk: James C. Allen
Doorkeeper: Robert B. Hackney, until May 17, 1858
Joseph L. Wright, elected May 18, 1858
Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice
Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner
Postmaster: Michael W. Cluskey
Reading Clerks: [data missing]
See also
1856 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1856 United States presidential election
1856–57 United States Senate elections
1856–57 United States House of Representatives elections
1858 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1858–59 United States Senate elections
1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Specific citations
General references
External links
Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Congressional Directory for the 35th Congress, 1st Session. 1857.
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