55th United States Congress GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      The 55th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1899, during the first two years of William McKinley's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority. There was one African-American member, George Henry White, a Republican from the state of North Carolina, and one Kaw member, Charles Curtis, a Republican from Kansas.


      Major events



      March 4, 1897: William McKinley became President of the United States.
      February 15, 1898: Spanish–American War: USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor.
      December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris ended Spanish–American War, 30 Stat. 1754.


      Major legislation



      July 24, 1897: Dingley tariff, ch. 11, 30 Stat. 151, increased trade duties for revenue and protection
      April 20, 1898: Teller Resolution (Cuba), 30 Stat. 738
      April 25, 1898: United States declaration of war upon Spain (Spanish–American War), 30 Stat. 364
      June 1, 1898: Erdman Act, 30 Stat. 424
      June 13, 1898: War Revenue Act of 1898, 30 Stat. 448
      June 28, 1898: Curtis Act of 1898, 30 Stat. 495, authorized the mass dispossession of territory from the Cherokee Nation, Chickasaw Nation, Choctaw Nation, Muscogee Nation, and Seminole Nation and the divestiture of power from their national governments.
      July 1, 1898: Bankruptcy Act of 1898 (Henderson-Nelson Act), ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, gave companies an option of gaining protection from creditors.
      July 7, 1898: Newlands Resolution, No. 55, 30 Stat. 750, authorized the annexation of the Republic of Hawaii
      March 3, 1899: Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Ch. 425, 33 Stat. 401, § 9, 30 Stat. 1151


      Treaties ratified


      February 6, 1899: Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish–American War. Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico became possessions of the U.S.


      Party summary


      The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.


      = Senate

      =


      = House of Representatives

      =


      Leadership




      = Senate

      =
      President: Garret Hobart (R)
      President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)
      Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison
      Democratic Caucus Chairman: Arthur Pue Gorman, until 1898
      David Turpie, afterwards


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Speaker: Thomas Brackett Reed (R)
      Minority Leader: Joseph W. Bailey
      Republican Conference Chairman: Charles H. Grosvenor
      Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Babcock
      Democratic Caucus Chairman: James D. Richardson
      Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Charles James Faulkner


      Members


      This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

      Skip to House of Representatives, below


      = Senate

      =
      Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1898; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1900; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1902.


      = House of Representatives

      =
      The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.


      Changes in membership


      The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.


      = Senate

      =
      Replacements: 5
      Democratic: no net change
      Republican: no net change
      Deaths: 5
      Resignations: 0
      Total seats with changes: 8


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Replacements: 14
      Democratic: 1 seat net loss
      Republican: 1 seat net gain
      Deaths: 10
      Resignations: 9
      Contested election: 3
      Total seats with changes: 23


      Committees


      Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.


      = Senate

      =
      Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: George Gray; Ranking Member: Shelby M. Cullom)
      Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Redfield Proctor; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
      Appropriations (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
      Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: James K. Jones)
      Canadian Relations (Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: Edward Murphy Jr.)
      Census (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: David Turpie)
      Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Jeter C. Pritchard; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
      Claims (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: Samuel Pasco)
      Coast Defenses (Chairman: George W. McBride; Ranking Member: Roger Q. Mills)
      Commerce (Chairman: William P. Frye; Ranking Member: George G. Vest)
      Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia (Chairman: John W. Daniel)
      Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
      District of Columbia (Chairman: James McMillan; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris then Charles J. Faulkner)
      Education and Labor (Chairman: James H. Kyle; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
      Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member: Lucien Baker)
      Enrolled Bills (Chairman: William J. Sewell; Ranking Member: Donelson Caffery)
      Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman: George L. Wellington)
      Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Joseph B. Foraker)
      Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
      Fisheries (Chairman: George C. Perkins; Ranking Member: John L. Mitchell)
      Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Samuel Pasco; Ranking Member: Orville H. Platt)
      Foreign Relations (Chairman: Cushman K. Davis; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
      Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game (Chairman: William V. Allen; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
      Geological Survey (Select) (Chairman: Stephen B. Elkins; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
      Immigration (Chairman: Charles W. Fairbanks; Ranking Member: Charles J. Faulkner)
      Indian Affairs (Chairman: Richard F. Pettigrew; Ranking Member: James K. Jones)
      Indian Depredations (Chairman: John L. Wilson; Ranking Member: William Lindsay)
      International Expositions (Select) (Chairman: John M. Thurston; Ranking Member: George G. Vest)
      Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman)
      Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Chairman: Francis E. Warren; Ranking Member: Stephen M. White)
      Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
      Library (Chairman: George P. Wetmore; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
      Manufactures (Chairman: William E. Mason; Ranking Member: James Smith Jr.)
      Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph R. Hawley; Ranking Member: William B. Bate)
      Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Roger Q. Mills)
      Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)
      National Banks (Select) (Chairman: Lee Mantle; Ranking Member: John L. Mitchell)
      Naval Affairs (Chairman: Eugene Hale; Ranking Member: James Smith Jr.)
      Nicaragua Canal (Select) (Chairman: John Tyler Morgan; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Hawley)
      Omaha Exposition (Select)
      Pacific Railroads (Chairman: John H. Gear; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
      Patents (Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Roger Q. Mills)
      Pensions (Chairman: Jacob H. Gallinger; Ranking Member: John L. Mitchell)
      Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Marion Butler)
      Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: David Turpie; Ranking Member: William P. Frye)
      Printing (Chairman: Henry Cabot Lodge; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman)
      Private Land Claims (Chairman: James K. Jones; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale)
      Privileges and Elections (Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: Charles J. Faulkner)
      Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Matthew S. Quay; Ranking Member: George G. Vest)
      Public Health and National Quarantine (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member: Samuel D. McEnery)
      Public Lands (Chairman: Henry C. Hansbrough; Ranking Member: James H. Berry)
      Railroads (Chairman: Clarence D. Clark; Ranking Member: William J. Deboe)
      Revision of the Laws (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: John W. Daniel)
      Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Edward C. Walthall; Ranking Member: William B. Bate)
      Rules (Chairman: Nelson W. Aldrich; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
      Tariff Regulation (Select)
      Territories (Chairman: George L. Shoup; Ranking Member: Thomas C. Platt)
      Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: William B. Bate; Ranking Member: Edward O. Wolcott)
      Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: George L. Shoup; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
      Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Chairman: Lucien Baker; Ranking Member: William N. Roach)
      Washington City Centennial (Select)
      Whole
      Woman Suffrage (Select) (Chairman: James H. Berry; Ranking Member: Matthew S. Quay)


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Accounts (Chairman: Benjamin B. Odell Jr.; Ranking Member: Charles L. Bartlett)
      Agriculture (Chairman: James W. Wadsworth; Ranking Member: John S. Williams)
      Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Chairman: Henry C. Brewster; Ranking Member: John E. Osborne)
      Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Joseph D. Sayers)
      Banking and Currency (Chairman: Joseph H. Walker; Ranking Member: Nicholas N. Cox)
      Claims (Chairman: Charles N. Brumm; Ranking Member: John E. Osborne)
      Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles W. Stone; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland)
      Disposition of Executive Papers
      District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph W. Babcock; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)
      Education (Chairman: Galusha A. Grow; Ranking Member: John E. Fowler)
      Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress (Chairman: John B. Corliss; Ranking Member: Milford W. Howard)
      Elections No.#1 (Chairman: Robert W. Tayler; Ranking Member: Charles L. Bartlett)
      Elections No.#2 (Chairman: Henry U. Johnson; Ranking Member: James G. Maguire)
      Elections No.#3 (Chairman: James A. Walker; Ranking Member: Robert W. Miers)
      Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Alva L. Hager; Ranking Member: Asbury C. Latimer)
      Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Charles W. Gillet; Ranking Member: William F. Strowd)
      Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Charles Curtis; Ranking Member: Jehu Baker)
      Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Cyrus A. Sulloway; Ranking Member: Thomas C. Catchings)
      Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: James F. Stewart; Ranking Member: Stanyarne Wilson)
      Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Irving P. Wanger; Ranking Member: Milford W. Howard)
      Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Lemuel E. Quigg; Ranking Member: Rufus E. Lester)
      Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Robert G. Cousins; Ranking Member: William L. Terry)
      Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William W. Grout; Ranking Member: Joseph Wheeler)
      Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: David G. Colson; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland)
      Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Robert R. Hitt; Ranking Member: Hugh A. Dinsmore)
      Immigration and Naturalization (Chairman: Lorenzo Danford; Ranking Member: John M. Allen)
      Indian Affairs (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John S. Little)
      Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: William P. Hepburn; Ranking Member: William McAleer)
      Invalid Pensions (Chairman: George W. Ray; Ranking Member: George B. McClellan Jr.)
      Irrigation of Arid Lands (Chairman: William R. Ellis; Ranking Member: John F. Shafroth)
      Judiciary (Chairman: David B. Henderson; Ranking Member: William L. Terry)
      Labor (Chairman: John J. Gardner; Ranking Member: W. Jasper Talbert)
      Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Richard Bartholdt; Ranking Member: John M. Allen)
      Manufactures (Chairman: George W. Faris; Ranking Member: Willard D. Vandiver)
      Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Sereno E. Payne; Ranking Member: John F. Fitzgerald)
      Mileage (Chairman: John A. Barham; Ranking Member: Samuel B. Cooper)
      Military Affairs (Chairman: John A.T. Hull; Ranking Member: William Sulzer)
      Militia (Chairman: Benjamin F. Marsh; Ranking Member: Rudolph Kleberg)
      Mines and Mining (Chairman: Charles H. Grosvenor; Ranking Member: Charles S. Hartman)
      Naval Affairs (Chairman: Charles A. Boutelle; Ranking Member: Amos J. Cummings)
      Pacific Railroads (Chairman: H. Henry Powers; Ranking Member: James G. Maguire)
      Patents (Chairman: Josiah D. Hicks; Ranking Member: William Sulzer)
      Pensions (Chairman: Henry C. Loudenslager; Ranking Member: Jesse F. Stallings)
      Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Eugene F. Loud; Ranking Member: Claude A. Swanson)
      Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: David H. Mercer; Ranking Member: John H. Bankhead)
      Public Lands (Chairman: John F. Lacey; Ranking Member: John F. Shafroth)
      Railways and Canals (Chairman: Charles A. Chickering; Ranking Member: Peter J. Otey)
      Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: Marriott Brosius; Ranking Member: Alexander M. Dockery)
      Revision of Laws (Chairman: Vespasian Warner; Ranking Member: John W. Maddox)
      Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Warren B. Hooker; Ranking Member: Thomas C. Catchings)
      Rules (Chairman: Thomas B. Reed; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Bailey)
      Standards of Official Conduct
      Territories (Chairman: William S. Knox; Ranking Member: William McAleer)
      Ventilation and Acoustics (Chairman: Joel P. Heatwole; Ranking Member: Harry Skinner)
      War Claims (Chairman: Thaddeus M. Mahon; Ranking Member: George M. Davison)
      Ways and Means (Chairman: Nelson Dingley; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Bailey)
      Whole


      = Joint committees

      =
      Alcohol in the Arts (Select)
      Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
      Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
      Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Alva L. Hager; Vice Chairman: Sen. Asbury C. Latimer)
      Investigate Charities and Reformatory Institutions in the District of Columbia
      The Library (Chairman: Rep. Alfred C. Harmer; Vice Chairman: Rep. Amos J. Cummings)
      Printing (Chairman: Rep. George D. Perkins; Vice Chairman: Rep. James D. Richardson)


      Caucuses


      Democratic (House)
      Democratic (Senate)


      Employees




      = Legislative branch agency directors

      =
      Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
      Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford, until 1897
      John Russell Young, from 1897
      Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1897
      Francis W. Palmer, from 1897


      = Senate

      =
      Secretary: William Ruffin Cox
      Sergeant at Arms: Richard J. Bright
      Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
      Chaplain: William H. Millburn Methodist


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Clerk: Alexander McDowell
      Sergeant at Arms: Benjamin F. Russell
      Doorkeeper: William J. Glenn
      Postmaster: Joseph C. McElroy
      Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Asher C. Hinds
      Reading Clerks: E. L. Sampson (D) and Dennis E. Alward (R)
      Chaplain: Henry N. Couden Universalist


      See also


      1896 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
      1896 United States presidential election
      1896–97 United States Senate elections
      1896 United States House of Representatives elections
      1898 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
      1898–99 United States Senate elections
      1898 United States House of Representatives elections


      References



      Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
      Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


      External links


      Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
      U.S. House of Representatives: House History
      U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
      Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, Extraordinary Session.
      Congress, United States (1897). Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, Extraordinary Session (Revision).
      Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 2nd Session.
      Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 2nd Session (1st Revision).
      Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 2nd Session (2nd Revision).
      Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 3rd Session.
      Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).

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