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The Acts of Peter is one of the earliest of the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles in Christianity, dating to the late 2nd century AD. The majority of the text has survived only in the Latin translation of the Codex Vercellensis, under the title Actus Petri cum Simone ("Act of Peter with Simon"). It is notable for a description of a miracle contest between Saint Peter and Simon Magus, the first record of the tradition that Saint Peter was crucified head-down, and as the origin of the saying Quo vadis?




Dating and history


The Acts of Peter were originally composed in Koine Greek during the second half of the 2nd century, probably in Asia Minor. The style of the Acts' writing is quite similar to that of four other apocryphal Acts – Acts of Andrew, Acts of John, Acts of Paul, and Acts of Thomas. For this reason, all five of these works were traditionally attributed to a single author; Photios I (c. 810/820 – 893) identified this author as Leucius Charinus. Epiphanius (c. 310/320 – 403) had earlier identified Leucius as a companion of John the Apostle.
The Manicheans are believed to have collected these five apocryphals Acts into a single corpus by the end of the 4th century. The current consensus is that the five works are interrelated, but were written by five separate authors, none of whom include Leucius. Despite this, the works are still frequently referred to as the "Manichean Acts of Leucius Charinus", or simply the "Leucian Acts".
The earliest extant manuscript of the Acts of Peter is a Late Latin translation contained in the Codex Vercellensis, which is believed to be the earliest manuscript of the Vetus Latina. This codex is preserved in the Capitulary Library of the Vercelli Cathedral. The chapters describing Peter's crucifixion (XXXIII–XLI) are preserved separately as 'Martyrdom of the Holy Apostle Peter' in various manuscripts in Latin, Greek, Coptic, Slavonic, Syriac, Ethiopic, Armenian, and Arabic.
It has been proposed that the martyrdom account was an earlier, separate text to which the preceding chapters were affixed.




Content



In the text, Peter performs many miracles, such as healing a crippled beggar. Peter preaches that Simon Magus is performing magic in order to convert followers through deception. Outraged, Peter challenges Simon to a contest, in order to prove whose works are from a divine source and whose are merely trickery. In the contest, Simon takes flight, and in retaliation, Peter strikes him down with the power of God, praying that Simon not be killed but badly injured. Simon is then taken to Terracina to one Castor "And there he was sorely cut (Lat.[in Latin] by two physicians), and so Simon the angel of Satan came to his end."
Peter's confrontation with Simon Magus has some resemblance to the Prophet Elijah's confrontation with the Priests of Baal, as depicted in the Old Testament's Book of Kings – a text with which the writer of the Acts of Peter was likely familiar.
Following this incident, Peter plans to flee the city; however, he sees an apparition of Jesus, and takes it as a message that he must stay and be crucified to see Jesus again in Heaven (see Quo vadis?).

Peter preaches to Agrippa's concubines that they should practise abstinence and chastity. The enraged Agrippa orders Peter to be crucified; Peter requests to be crucified upside-down.




The inverted crucifixion of Peter


No canonical text refers to the death of Saint Peter. Apart from the Acts of Peter, the earliest attestation that Saint Peter was executed by crucifixion is found in Adversus Gnosticos Scorpiace, a treatise composed by Tertullian in the first decade of the 3rd century.
Sometime in the middle of the 3rd century, Origen of Alexandria popularized the tradition that Peter requested to be crucified upside-down. At the end of the 4th century, Jerome wrote in his De Viris Illustribus ("On Illustrious Men") that the reason for this request was that Peter felt he was unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus.
However, in the Acts of Peter, the author writes that Peter's request to be crucified upside-down was to make a point: that the values of those crucifying him were inverted themselves, emphasising the need to look beyond these values and adopt those of Jesus.




See also


Acts of Peter and Andrew
Acts of Peter and the Twelve
Acts of Peter and Paul
Quo vadis?




References






Sources


Richard Adelbert Lipsius, Maximilian Bonnet: Acta apostolorum apokryphae pars prior, Hermann Mendelsohn, Leipzig 1891. (in Greek and Latin)
Elias Avery Lowe: Codices Latini Antiquiores: a palaeographical guide to Latin manuscripts prior to the ninth century. Ed. under the auspices of the Union Académique Internationale for the American Council of Learned Societies and the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 4. Clarendon, Oxford 1947, Reprint Zeller, Osnabrück 1988. Description of codex vercelli 158.




External links


Early Christian Writings: Acts of Peter (English translation)

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Daftar Isi

• The Acts of Peter - Early Christian Writings
• Acts of Peter - Wikipedia
• Acts of Peter - Early Christian Writings
• Acts of Peter - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway
• Acts: The Acts of the Apostles - Bible Hub
• What is the Acts of Peter? - GotQuestions.org
• 7. The Acts of Peter and the Twelve - Early Christian Writings
• Acts of Peter - Biblical Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
• Acts of Peter and the Twelve - Wikipedia
• The Acts of Peter - Bible Study - BibleWise

The Acts of Peter - Early Christian Writings

Augustine speaks (quoting Apocryphal Acts) of a daughter of Peter struck with palsy at the prayer of her father. Ptolemaeus, unable to win the maiden by fair means, comes and carries her off. Peter hears of it and prays God to protect her.

Acts of Peter - Wikipedia

The Acts of Peter is one of the earliest of the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles in Christianity, dating to the late 2nd century AD. The majority of the text has survived only in the Latin translation of the Codex Vercellensis, under the title Actus Petri cum Simone ("Act of Peter with Simon").

Acts of Peter - Early Christian Writings

Information on the Acts of Peter. Robert F. Stoops writes (The Anchor Bible Dictionary, v. 5, p. 267): One of the earliest of the apocryphal acts of the apostles, the Acts of Peter reports a miracle contest between Simon Magus and the apostle Peter …

Acts of Peter - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway

PETER, ACTS OF. The earliest direct evidence is the statement of Eusebius (Hist. III. iii. 2) that the Acts, Gospel, Preaching, and Revelation of Peter have not been transmitted among catholic writings, because no ecclesiastical writer, ancient or modern, has made use of …

Acts: The Acts of the Apostles - Bible Hub

(Acts 19:1–7) 44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all who heard his message. 45 All the circumcised believers who had accompanied Peter were astounded that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles. 46 For they heard them speaking in tongues and exalting God.

What is the Acts of Peter? - GotQuestions.org

Jan 4, 2022 · The Acts of Peter is one of several works that claim to describe the actions of the apostles after the resurrection of Jesus. Others ascribe history to John, Andrew, Thomas, Paul, Philip, Barnabas, and so forth. None of these books were accepted by the early church.

7. The Acts of Peter and the Twelve - Early Christian Writings

Molinari, Acts of Peter and the Twelve, 83–92, suggests narratio fabulosa , quoting Macrobius’ Commentary on the Dream of Scipio (late 4th or early 5th century AD ).

Acts of Peter - Biblical Studies - Oxford Bibliographies

Jul 28, 2021 · The Acts of Peter is one of the five ancient apocryphal Acts that relate the missionary activities of the apostles beyond the canonical account. The primary focus of this narrative is a wonder working contest between Peter and the magician Simon set in …

Acts of Peter and the Twelve - Wikipedia

The Acts of Peter and the Twelve [1] [2] or the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles [3] [4] is a Christian text from about the 4th century. [5] It is the first treatise in Codex VI of the Nag Hammadi library texts, [6] [7] taking up pages 1–12 of the codex's 78 pages. [6] The writing extends the Parable of the Pearl from Matthew 13:45–46.

The Acts of Peter - Bible Study - BibleWise

In the Acts of Peter, Simon is living in the home of Marcellus, a Senator who believed in him. This bothered the Christian brothers who thought highly of Marcellus and thought he had been bewitched by Simon.