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Adalite Civil War GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
The Adalite Civil War (1520–1526) was a seven-year-long conflict within the Adal Sultanate between the Walashma dynasty and the forces of Garad Abun Adashe. The war ultimately led to the rise of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, who later launched the Conquest of Abyssinia (Futuh Al-Habash).
Background
After the death of Imam Mahfuz, Garad Abun Adashe emerged as the most powerful figure in Adal, leading to tensions with the ruling Walashma dynasty. Among his supporters was Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, a military commander from Hubat who quickly gained recognition for his leadership skills. Garad Abun, impressed by Ahmad's valor, arranged for him to marry Bati del Wambara, the daughter of the late Imam Mahfuz.
Conflict
According to Arab Faqih, Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad of the Walashma dynasty, fearing Adashe's influence, established his capital at Harar and mobilized a large army, primarily composed of Somali bandits and attacked the Harla state. In 1525, Abu Bakr's forces confronted and killed Adashe near Zeila.
Following Adashe's death, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi took control of his forces, retreating to Hubat with over a hundred men. As Abu Bakr attempted to pursue, Ahmad ambushed and defeated him in open battle, forcing the Sultan to seek refuge in Ogaden. Despite raising another large force, Abu Bakr suffered further setbacks in a second indecisive engagement.
Hearing of the conflict, Dawit II of Ethiopia sent General Degelhan to confront Ahmad. The Abyssinians initially succeeded in capturing large numbers of women and children from Adal, including the mother of Ahmad's commander, Abu Bakr Qatin. However, Ahmad lured the Ethiopian forces into Hubat, where he ambushed and decisively defeated them at the Battle of Hubat. This victory significantly increased his reputation and military strength.
Sultan Abu Bakr, recognizing Ahmad as a growing threat, launched the Siege of Hubat, forcing Ahmad to take refuge in the mountains of Gara Muleta. After ten days of siege, the sheikhs of Harar intervened, brokering a temporary peace that recognized Ahmad's authority within Adal for the first time.
The peace did not last long, as Sultan Abu Bakr attempted to assassinate Ahmad in Harar, forcing him to flee back to Hubat. At this time, a swarm of bees reportedly landed on Ahmad's head, a miraculous event that led his followers to proclaim him as the new Imam of Adal. After a series of battles, Ahmad finally defeated and killed Abu Bakr, who fled to the Ogaden. With Abu Bakr eliminated, Ahmad returned to Harar and installed Umar Din as a puppet Sultan.
Aftermath
Ahmed would go onto unify Muslims in the region and prepare for the conquest of Abyssinia.
References
Further reading
Whiteway, Richard Stephen, ed. (1902). The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541–1543 as Narrated by Castanhoso. Hakluyt Society.
Feener, R. Michael (2004). Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. ABC-CLIO.
Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2008). The History of Ethiopia. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Edwards, Frederick A. (1905). "The Conquest of Abyssinia". The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review and Oriental and Colonial Record.
Trimingham, J. Spencer (1952). Islam in Ethiopia. Oxford University Press.
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