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      In the United States income tax system, adjusted gross income (AGI) is an individual's total gross income minus specific deductions. It is used to calculate taxable income, which is AGI minus allowances for personal exemptions and itemized deductions. For most individual tax purposes, AGI is more relevant than gross income.
      Gross income is sales price of goods or property, minus cost of the property sold, plus other income. It includes wages, interest, dividends, business income, rental income, and all other types of income. Adjusted gross income is gross income less deductions from a business or rental activity and 21 other specific items.
      Several deductions (e.g. medical expenses and miscellaneous itemized deductions) are limited based on a percentage of AGI. Certain phase outs, including those of lower tax rates and itemized deductions, are based on levels of AGI. Many states base state income tax on AGI with certain deductions.
      Adjusted gross income is calculated by subtracting above-the-line deduction from gross income.


      Gross income



      Gross income includes "all income from whatever source", and is not limited to cash received. It specifically includes wages, salary, bonuses, interest, dividends, rents, royalties, income from operating a business, alimony, pensions and annuities, share of income from partnerships and S corporations, and income tax refunds. Gross income includes net gains for disposal of assets, including capital gains and capital losses. Losses on personal assets are not deducted in computing gross income or adjusted gross income. Gifts and inheritances are excluded.


      Adjustments


      Gross income is reduced by certain items to arrive at adjusted gross income. These include:

      Expenses of carrying on a trade or business including most rental activities (other than as an employee)
      Certain business expenses of teachers, reservists, performing artists, and fee-basis government officials,
      Health savings account deductions,
      Certain moving expenses
      One-half of self-employment tax,
      Allowable contributions to certain retirement arrangements (SEP IRA, SIMPLE IRA, and qualified plans) and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs),
      Penalties imposed by financial institutions and others on early withdrawal of savings,
      Alimony paid (which the recipient must include in gross income),
      College tuition, fees, and student loan interest (with limitations and exceptions),
      Jury duty pay remitted to the juror's employer,
      Domestic production activities deduction, and
      Certain other items of limited applicability.


      Reporting on Form 1040


      Gross income is reported on U.S. federal individual income tax returns (Form 1040 series) type of income. Supporting schedules and forms are required in some cases, e.g., Schedule B for interest and dividends. Income of business and rental activities, including those through partnerships or S corporations, is reported net of the expenses of the business. These are reported on Schedule C for business income, Schedule E for rental income, and Schedule F for farm income.


      Modified AGI


      Certain tax calculations are based on modified versions of AGI. The definition of "modified AGI" varies according to the purpose for which the related calculation is being used. These modified versions of AGI may add certain items to AGI that were excluded in computing both gross income and adjusted gross income. Common additions include tax exempt interest, the excluded portion of Social Security benefits and tax-free foreign earned income.


      References




      Further reading


      IRS Materials

      Publication 17 Your Federal Income Tax
      Form 1040 series of forms and instructions

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    Adjusted gross income - Internal Revenue Service

    Feb 5, 2025 · Your adjusted gross income (AGI) is your total (gross) income from all sources minus certain adjustments such as educator expenses, student loan interest, alimony payments and retirement contributions.

    Definition of adjusted gross income | Internal Revenue Service

    Your adjusted gross income (AGI) is your total (gross) income from all sources minus certain adjustments listed on Schedule 1 of Form 1040. Your AGI is calculated before you take your standard or itemized deduction on Form 1040.

    What Is Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)? Definition, How to Calculate

    Feb 6, 2025 · Adjusted gross income (AGI) equals gross income minus certain adjustments to income. Gross income includes money from jobs, investments or other sources.

    What Is Adjusted Gross Income? How to Calculate It in 2022

    Nov 10, 2022 · What's adjusted gross income, also known as AGI? Here's what to know about this important income tax calculation. Understand AGI and How to Calculate It. Not only does adjusted gross income...

    What Is Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)? - Investopedia

    Jun 8, 2024 · Adjusted gross income (AGI) is your total taxable income minus certain adjustments. The IRS uses the AGI to determine how much income tax you owe.

    What is adjusted gross income (AGI)? - Fidelity Investments

    Feb 12, 2025 · Your adjusted gross income (AGI) reflects your annual gross income minus certain adjustments, such as contributions to a retirement or health savings account outside of payroll. The IRS uses your AGI to calculate how much you must pay in taxes each year. To find your AGI, simply subtract any adjustments from your gross income.

    What is Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)? - TurboTax

    4 days ago · Learn how AGI is calculated, its impact on your eligibility for various deductions and credits, and how it reduces your taxable income on your tax return. Your adjusted gross income (AGI) is equal to the total income you report minus specific deductions, or …

    AGI Calculator | Adjusted Gross Income

    Jul 30, 2024 · AGI calculator or adjusted gross income calculator is a tool to estimate your adjusted gross income (AGI), which helps you determine your taxable income and tax bracket.

    What is adjusted gross income (AGI), and why does it matter?

    Dec 17, 2024 · Adjusted gross income, or AGI, is your total gross income (before taxes) minus certain tax deductions, known as adjustments. Gross income includes wages, dividends, interest,...

    How to Calculate Gross Income from W2? - Invoice Fly

    Feb 12, 2025 · Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is a key figure in determining how much of your income is taxable. It equals your total earnings (gross income) minus specific deductions allowed by the IRS, such as: Retirement contributions (such to your IRA) Student loan interest; Health savings account (HSA) contributions; Educator expenses; Self-employment ...