aesculus

      Aesculus GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      The genus Aesculus ( or ), with species called buckeye and horse chestnut, comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. They are trees and shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with six species native to North America and seven to 13 species native to Eurasia. Several hybrids occur. Aesculus exhibits a classical Arcto-Tertiary distribution.
      Mexican buckeye seedpods resemble the Aesculus seedpods, but belong to a different genus.
      Carl Linnaeus named the genus Aesculus after the Roman name for an edible acorn. Common names for these trees include "buckeye" and "horse chestnut", though they are not in the same order as the true chestnuts, Castanea in the Fagales. Some are also called white chestnut or red chestnut. In Britain, they are sometimes called conker trees because of their link with the game of conkers, played with the seeds, also called conkers.


      Description


      Aesculus species have stout shoots with resinous, often sticky, buds, with opposite, palmately divided leaves, often very large—to 65 cm (26 in) across in the Japanese horse chestnut, A. turbinata. Species are deciduous or evergreen. Flowers are showy, insect- or bird-pollinated, with four or five petals fused into a lobed corolla tube, arranged in a panicle inflorescence. Flowering starts after 80–110 growing degree days. The fruit matures to a capsule 2–5 cm (1–2 in) diameter, usually globose, containing one to three seeds (often erroneously called a nut) per capsule. Capsules containing more than one seed result in flatness on one side of the seeds. The point of attachment of the seed in the capsule (hilum) shows as a large, circular, whitish scar. The capsule epidermis has "spines" (botanically: prickles) in some species, while other capsules are warty or smooth. At maturity, the capsule splits into three sections to release the seeds.
      Aesculus seeds were traditionally eaten, after leaching, by the Jōmon people of Japan over about four millennia, until 300 AD.
      All parts of the buckeye or horse chestnut tree are moderately toxic, including the nut-like seeds. The toxin affects the gastrointestinal system, causing gastrointestinal disturbances. The USDA notes that the toxicity is due to saponin aescin and glucoside aesculin, with alkaloids possibly contributing.
      Native Americans used to crush the seeds and the resulting mash was thrown into still or sluggish waterbodies to stun or kill fish. They then boiled and drained (leached) the fish at least three times to dilute the toxin's effects. New shoots from the seeds also have been known to kill grazing cattle.
      The genus was considered to be in the ditypic family Hippocastanaceae along with Billia, but phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have more recently caused this family, along with the Aceraceae (maples and Dipteronia), to be included in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae).


      Selected species


      The species of Aesculus include:


      Cultivation


      The most familiar member of the genus worldwide is the common horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum. The yellow buckeye, Aesculus flava (syn. A. octandra), is also a valuable ornamental tree with yellow flowers, but is less widely planted. Among the smaller species is the bottlebrush buckeye, Aesculus parviflora, a flowering shrub. Several other members of the genus are used as ornamentals, and several horticultural hybrids have also been developed, most notably the red horse chestnut Aesculus × carnea, a hybrid between A. hippocastanum and A. pavia.


      In art



      Interpretations of the tree leaves can be seen in architectural details in the Reims Cathedral.


      In history


      The horse chestnut was not native to Britain and was only introduced from Europe in 1650 (on the estates of both Dawyck House and Stobo Castle).
      The leaf of Aesculus was the official symbol of Kyiv on its coat of arms used from 1969 to 1995. It remains an official symbol of Kyiv to this day.
      In the 1840 U.S. presidential campaign, candidate William Henry Harrison called himself the "log cabin and hard cider candidate", portraying himself sitting in a log cabin made of buckeye logs and drinking hard cider, causing Ohio to become known as "the Buckeye State".
      In Geneva, Switzerland, an official chestnut tree is used to indicate the beginning of the Spring; every year since 1818, the tree is observed by the secretary of the Grand Council of Geneva (the local parliament), and the opening of the first leaf is recorded and announced publicly. Over the years, four different horse chestnut trees have been used for these recordings.
      In North America, several native American tribes, particularly in the western and central United States, such as Miwok, Pomo, Yokut, Maidu, historically used Buckeye trees (Aesculus spp.) like California Buckeye to harvest fish by utilizing the saponins, which had been extracted by the plant's seeds. These tribes used crushed Buckeye nuts to release saponins into streams or shallow water, where the compounds would stun or kill the fish, allowing for easier capture.


      See also


      Anne Frank tree


      References




      = Explanatory notes

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      = Citations

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      External links



      Germplasm Resources Information Network: Aesculus
      Forest, F., Drouin, J. N., Charest, R., Brouillet, L., & Bruneau A. (2001). "A morphological phylogenetic analysis of Aesculus L. and Billia Peyr. (Sapindaceae)". Can. J. Bot. 79 (2): 154–169. doi:10.1139/b00-146.
      Aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye) King's American Dispensatory
      Winter ID pictures

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: aesculus

    aesculus hippocastanumaesculusaesculus aesculapaesculus chinensisaesculus hippocastanum extractaesculus ginsengaesculus sppaesculus californiaaesculus paviaaesculus californica Search Results

    aesculus

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    Aesculus - Wikipedia

    The genus Aesculus (/ ˈɛskjʊləs / [1] or / ˈaɪskjʊləs /), with species called buckeye and horse chestnut, comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. They are trees and shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with six species native to North America and seven to 13 species native to Eurasia.

    Aesculus parviflora - Plant Finder - Missouri Botanical Garden

    Aesculus parviflora. commonly called bottlebrush buckeye, is noted for being one of the best summer-flowering shrubs for shade areas. It is a dense, mounded, suckering, deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub which typically grows 6-12' tall.

    7 Major Types of Buckeye Trees (With Their Leaves & Flowers)

    Jul 20, 2024 · Buckeye trees, scientifically known as Aesculus, are a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs belonging to soapberry family (Sapindaceae). These trees are predominantly found in the eastern and central regions of the United States.

    Aesculus flava - North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox

    Aesculus Species: flava Family: Sapindaceae Uses (Ethnobotany): The soft, close-grained wood is used for wooden ware, firewood, and pulpwood. Native Americans made a nutritious food from the seeds, after removing the toxic element by roasting and soaking them. People used to carry the nuts for luck. Life Cycle: Woody Recommended Propagation ...

    Aesculus pavia - Plant Finder - Missouri Botanical Garden

    Aesculus pavia, commonly called red buckeye, is a deciduous clump-forming shrub or small tree with an irregular rounded crown. It typically grows 10-20’ tall. Showy, erect, 4-10” long panicles of red to orange-red, narrow-tubular flowers appear in spring.

    Aesculus - Trees and Shrubs Online

    Aesculus comprises 13–15 species, most of which occur in eastern North America and eastern Asia, with a single species in Europe and two in the greater California region (Forest et al. 2001). They are small shrubs to large trees with grey to brown, smooth or scaly bark.

    Aesculus pavia - North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox

    Red buckeye is a small, deciduous tree or shrub in the maple family (Sapindaceae) that may grow 15 to 25 feet tall. It is native to coastal and Piedmont areas in NC. It is quite ornamental in spring when tubular, red flowers appear in 6 to 8 inch upright clusters that last for about a month and attract hummingbirds and butterflies.

    Buckeye (Aesculus) - The Best Plants to Grow in Your Garden

    Aesculus, commonly known as buckeye or horse chestnut, is a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs celebrated for their vibrant blooms, distinctive seed pods, and excellent hardiness. These plants, which vary in size from small shrubs to large trees, are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

    Aesculus | plant genus | Britannica

    Aesculus (horse chestnuts and buckeyes), with about 13 deciduous species, has an interrupted distribution in temperate forests from western and eastern North America (seven species) to the Balkan Peninsula in Europe (one species) and in Asia from India to …

    Aesculus hippocastanum - North Carolina Extension Gardener ...

    Fruit is 1 to 2 in., prickly, leathery capsule with large, shiny, brown seeds (each with a pale scar). There are 5 to 12' panicle of creamy white flowers, which are large, with a yellow throat and red speckled center (in a large terminal cluster). Leaves include 7 …