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Aguilarite is an uncommon sulfosalt mineral with formula Ag4SeS. It was described in 1891 and named for discoverer Ponciano Aguilar.




Description


Aguilarite is bright lead-gray on fresh surfaces but becomes dull iron black when exposed to air. The mineral occurs with massive habit, as elongated pseudododecahedral crystals up to 3 cm (1.2 in), or as intergrowths with acanthite or naumannite.




Discovery


In the late 19th century, Ponciano Aguilar, superintendent of the San Carlos mine in Guanajuato, Mexico, found several specimens of a mineral thought to be naumannite. The samples were given to F. A. Genth for identification, who, along with S. L. Penfield, discovered that it was a new mineral. The mineral was described in the American Journal of Science in 1891 and named aguilarite in honor of Ponciano Aguilar. When the International Mineralogical Association was founded, aguilarite was grandfathered as a valid mineral species.




Occurrence


Aguilarite is uncommon, and forms at relatively low temperatures in hydrothermal deposits rich in silver and selenium but deficient in sulfur. The mineral is known from a number of countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australasia. Aguilarite occurs in association with acanthite, calcite, naumannite, pearceite, proustite, silver, stephanite, and quartz.




Chemistry and structure


In 2013, aguilarite's chemistry and crystal structure were reexamined by Bindi and Pingitore. The significant reevaluation of aguilarite did not discredit its status as a valid mineral, but it was established as the selenium analogue of acanthite instead of sulfur-rich naumannite. The sample primarily studied came from the Gem and Mineral Collection of the Department of Geosciences at Princeton University.
The work of Petruk et al. in 1974 formed the basis of knowledge regarding the silver–sulfur–selenium system for about forty years. They indexed their x-ray diffraction patterns of aguilarite on an orthorhombic cell similar to naumannite. Bindi and Pingitore determined that aguilarite is, in fact, monoclinic and is isostructural to acanthite and not naumannite. Bindi and Pingitore believe that Petruk et al. were unable to resolve closely spaced peaks due to low resolution equipment, making aguilarite appear similar to naumannite. Additionally, a number of inconsistencies in unit cell dimensions in the 1974 work show that aguilarite does not have the same structure as naumannite.
The crystal structure of aguilarite consists of planes nearly parallel to (010) composed of tetrahedrally coordinated nonmetal atoms and AgX3 triangles (where X is a nonmetal). The planes are joined by twofold-coordinated silver atoms.
Aguilarite is part of the acanthite-like solid solution series Ag2S–Ag2S0.4Se0.6. The mineral comprises the range from 50 atomic percent selenium up to the transition from monoclinic to orthorhombic.




See also


List of minerals




References



Bibliography
Bindi, L.; Pingitore, N. E. (February 2013). "On the symmetry and crystal structure of aguilarite, Ag4SeS". Mineralogical Magazine. 77 (1): 21–31. Bibcode:2013MinM...77...21B. doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.03. S2CID 101415447. (subscription required)
Genth, F. A. (1891). Dana, James D.; Dana, Edward S. (eds.). "Aguilarite, a new species". American Journal of Science. 141 (241–246).




Further reading


Petruk, W.; Owens, D. R.; Stewart, J. M.; Murray, E. J. (August 1974). "Observations on acanthite, aguilarite and naumannite" (PDF). The Canadian Mineralogist. 12 (6): 365–369.




External links


Media related to Aguilarite at Wikimedia Commons

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• Aguilarite - Wikipedia
• Aguilarite: Mineral information, data and localities. - mindat.org
• Aguilarite Mineral Data
• Aguilarite
• Aguilarite Ag4SeS - Handbook of Mineralogy
• Aguilarite Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
• Aguilarite from Knob Hill Mine, Republic Mining District, Ferry …
• On the symmetry and crystal structure of aguilarite, Ag SeS
• Aguilarite mineral information and data - dakotamatrix.com
• Aguilarite – Occurrence, Properties, and Distribution

Aguilarite - Wikipedia

Aguilarite – San Carlos Mine, La Luz, Guanajuato municipality, Mexico. Specimen height is 3.9 cm. Bright lead-gray on fresh surfaces; dull iron-black on exposure to air. Aguilarite is an uncommon sulfosalt mineral with formula Ag 4 Se S. It was described in 1891 and named for discoverer Ponciano Aguilar.

Aguilarite: Mineral information, data and localities. - mindat.org

Named after Señor P. Aguilar, Superintendent of the San Carlos Mine, Mexico, the type locality.

Aguilarite Mineral Data

Aguilarite. Comments: Black, bladed, metallic aguilarite crystals in matrix. Location: 4th of July mine, Custer Co., Idaho, USA. Scale: Crystal length 3 mm. © Tom Loomis / Dakota Matrix

Aguilarite

1.5 x 1.3 x 1.1 cm. Aguilarite is a rare Ag-Se sulfide, a member of the Acanthite Group, with easily the world's finest specimens coming from the historic silver mines at Guanajuato. This is a world-class thumbnail with super form, sharp, hoppered crystals and bright metallic lustre.

Aguilarite Ag4SeS - Handbook of Mineralogy

Aguilarite Ag4SeS c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: n.d. In skeletal pseudododecahedral crystals, commonly elongated in the direction of a pseudocubic or pseudo-octahedral edge, to 3 cm; also massive and in intergrowths with acanthite or naumannite. Physical Properties: Fracture: Hackly ...

Aguilarite Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

The meaning of AGUILARITE is a mineral consisting of silver selenide-sulfide Ag4SeS (hardness 2, specific gravity 7.59).

Aguilarite from Knob Hill Mine, Republic Mining District, Ferry …

Report (issue) Aguilarite Ag4 SeS c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point... 00 (1) Silver City, Idaho, USA. (2) Guanajuato, Mexico. (3) San Carlos mine, Guanajuato, Mexico; by electron... the San Carlos mine [TL] and others; at the Chontalpan mine, Taxco, Guerrero.In the USA, in Idaho, from... Silver City, Owyhee Co., and at the 4th of …

On the symmetry and crystal structure of aguilarite, Ag SeS

Aguilarite remains as a valid as a mineral species, but it should be described as the Se-analogue of acanthite. In this study we also (1) review the history of the aguilarite; (2) compare properties of synthetic and natural aguilarite; and (3) demonstrate how earlier researchers erred in describing aguilarite as orthorhombic.

Aguilarite mineral information and data - dakotamatrix.com

Aguilarite from Peñafiel mine, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico Interesting cavernous growth on this rare silver-selenium sulfide. The crystal group is about 9mm long.

Aguilarite – Occurrence, Properties, and Distribution

Aguilarite occurs in hydrothermal deposits rich in silver and selenium, but distinctly deficient in sulfur. It is often associated with minerals such acanthite, silver, naumannite, proustite, pearceite, quartz, calcite, and stephanite.