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Air Defense Artillery Branch GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
The Air Defense Artillery Branch is the air defense branch of the United States Army, specializing in the use of anti-aircraft weapons (such as surface-to-air missiles) to conduct anti-aircraft warfare operations. In the U.S. Army, these groups are composed of mainly air defense systems such as the Patriot Missile System, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), and the Avenger Air Defense system which fires the FIM-92 Stinger missile.
The Air Defense Artillery branch descended from Anti-Aircraft Artillery (part of the U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps until 1950, then part of the Artillery Branch) into a separate branch on 20 June 1968. On 1 December 1968, the ADA branch was authorized to wear modified Artillery insignia, crossed field guns with missile. The Branch Motto, "First To Fire", was adopted in 1986 by the attendees of the ADA Commanders' Conference at Fort Bliss. The motto refers to a speech given by General Jonathan Wainwright to veterans of the 200th Coast Artillery (Antiaircraft) stating they were the 'First to Fire' in World War II against the Empire of Japan.
Mission
According to the Army's Field Manual 3-01, the mission of Air Defense Artillery is "to protect the force and selected geopolitical assets from aerial attack, missile attack, and surveillance."
History
On 10 October 1917 an Antiaircraft Service in the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) was created at Arnouville-Les-Gonesse where an antiaircraft school was established. The antiaircraft units were organized as serially numbered battalions during the war, as follows:
1st Antiaircraft Battalion through the 10th Antiaircraft Battalion (redesignated as numbered antiaircraft sectors in November 1918, all demobilized by January 1919)
1st AA Machine Gun Battalion through the 6th AA Machine Gun Battalion. These units were organized by Col. James A. Shipton and were demobilized January–May 1919.
=
The National Defense Act of 1920 formally assigned the air defense mission to the Coast Artillery Corps. In January 1923, the force structure of the National Guard was modified under a restricted manpower program, which left gaps in the numerical series of its units. Many of these gaps would be filled during the major expansion of the National Guard in 1939-1940 when new antiaircraft regiments were organized by the conversion of cavalry and infantry units.
Antiaircraft units based in the U.S. interior, particularly those from the National Guard, often had to travel out of state each year for live-fire training, as this was usually conducted over water so the rounds would fall harmlessly to earth. Most of the Organized Reserve Coast Artillery regiments were functional units and many were some of the most active and well-trained Reserve organizations in the Army.
Regular Army antiaircraft regiments
60th CA (AA)
61st CA (AA)
62nd CA (AA)
63rd CA (AA)
64th CA (AA)
65th CA (AA)
National Guard antiaircraft regiments
162nd CA (AA) - Pennsylvania
Allotted but never organized; designation "213th" substituted in 1922
197th CA (AA) - New Hampshire
198th Coast Artillery (AA) - Delaware
199th CA (AA) - Pennsylvania
Never organized; withdrawn from Pennsylvania in 1926 and the National Guard in 1927
200th CA (AA) - Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and North Carolina
Only Battery G (North Carolina) ever organized; redesignated Battery F, 252nd CA (HD) in 1926, with remainder of regiment demobilized
201st CA (AA) - Ohio and West Virginia
Never organized; withdrawn from Ohio and West Virginia in 1926 and the National Guard in 1927
202nd CA (AA) - Illinois
203rd CA (AA) - Missouri
204th CA (AA) - Texas
Never organized; withdrawn from Texas in 1926 and the National Guard in 1927
205th CA (AA) - California, Washington, and Oregon
Never organized; withdrawn from respective states in 1926 and the National Guard in 1927
206th CA (AA) - Arkansas
Designated 141st CA (AA) 1921-24
211th (AA) - Massachusetts
212th CA (AA) - New York
213th CA (AA) - Pennsylvania
214th CA (AA) - Kentucky
Never organized; withdrawn from Kentucky in 1926 and the National Guard in 1927
251st CA (AA) - California
369th CA (AA) - New York
= Expansion
=
In 1938, there were only six active Regular Army and thirteen National Guard regiments, but by 1941 this had been expanded to 37 total regiments. New National Guard regiments were organized by the conversion of the National Guard's four cavalry divisions and other units.
New National Guard antiaircraft regiments
207th CA (AA) - New York
Organized 1940 from the 107th Infantry
208th CA (AA) - Connecticut
Organized 1940 from the 110th Cavalry and 21st Reconnaissance Squadron
209th CA (AA) - New York
Organized new, 1940
210th CA (AA) - Michigan
Organized 1940 from new units and the conversion of the 2nd Squadron, 106th Cavalry Regiment
214th CA (AA) - Georgia
Organized 1939 from the 2nd Battalion, 122nd Infantry and the 264th CA Battalion (Harbor Defense)
215th, 216th, 217th CA (AA) - Minnesota
Organized from the 205th and 206th Infantry Regiments, 92nd Infantry Brigade (separate)
= World War II
=
In November 1942, 781 battalions were authorized. However, this number was pared down to 331 battalions by the end of the war. By late 1944 the regiments had been broken up into battalions and 144 "Antiaircraft Artillery Groups" had been activated; some of these existed only briefly.
The serially-numbered battalions in late World War II included the following types:
Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion
Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion
Antiaircraft Artillery Searchlight Battalion
Barrage Balloon Battalion
and in the 1950s:
Antiaircraft Artillery Missile Battalion.
On 9 March 1942 Antiaircraft Command was established in Washington D.C. and 1944 the AAA school was moved to Fort Bliss.
=
Army Air Defense Command ran from 1957 to 1974.
In 1991 the Patriot missile was heavily utilized during the Gulf War. After this short skirmish ended Air Defense has not been involved in any significant combat actions due to lack of enemy air assets and/or missile technology.
In 2010 the United States Army Air Defense Artillery School was moved from Fort Bliss to Fort Sill.
The following lists all units that make up the Army's Air Defense Artillery Branch.
= Army Air and Missile Defense Commands
=
=
= Army Battalions
=
= Army Batteries
=
= National Guard Battalions
=
Shipton award
The Shipton Award is named for Brigadier General James A. Shipton, who is acknowledged as the Air Defense Artillery Branch's founding father. Shipton felt that the mission of antiaircraft defense was not to down enemy aircraft, but instead to protect maneuver forces on the ground: "The purpose of anti-aviation defense is to protect our forces and establishments from hostile attack and observation from the air by keeping enemy airplanes [sic] at a distance." The Shipton Award recognizes an Air Defense Artillery professionals for outstanding performance individual thought, innovation, and contributions that result in significant contributions or enhances Air Defense Artillery's warfighting capabilities, morale, readiness, and maintenance.
See also
Oozlefinch
Army Air Defense Command (United States) – more detail 1950–1974
Anti-Aircraft Command – British equivalent 1939–1955
References
Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions of the U.S. Army (Volumes 1,2) 1991 by James A. Sawicki ISBN 0-9602404-7-0
History of the 1st AA Battalion, Coast Artillery Corps in World War I
Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2004). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Second ed.). CDSG Press. ISBN 0-9748167-0-1.
Lieutenant Colonel Roy S. Barnard (The History of ARADCOM Volume I, The Gun Era:1950-1955)
LTC Barnard and Berle K. Hufford, ARADCOM Annual Reports from 1966-1973.
Morgan, Mark L.; Berhow, Mark A. (2010). Rings of Supersonic Steel: Air Defenses of the United States Army 1950–1979, 3rd Edition. Hole in the Head Press. ISBN 978-09761494-0-8.
Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Osato, Militia Missilemen: The Army National Guard in Air Defense - 1951 - 1967 (1968)
Rinaldi, Richard A. (2004). The U. S. Army in World War I: Orders of Battle. General Data LLC. ISBN 0-9720296-4-8.
Osato and Mrs. Sherryl Straup, ARADCOM's Florida Defenses in the Aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis: 1963-1968 (1968)
Stanton, Shelby L. (1991). World War II Order of Battle. Galahad Books. ISBN 0-88365-775-9.
External links
U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery lineage website Archived 17 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
ADA museum at Fort Sill Archived 28 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine
The Fort MacArthur Museum Association: Air Defense Units in LA – 47th Brigade at Fort McArthur, Calif.
some details on U.S. Army Air Defense Command (ARADCOM)
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