air gap plumbing

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    An air gap, as related to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. Air gaps of appropriate design are legally required by water health and safety regulations in many countries. An air gap is the simplest form of a backflow prevention device.


    Function


    A simple example is the vertical space between a wall-mounted faucet and the sink rim (this space is the air gap). Water can easily fall from the faucet into the sink, but there is no way that water can be drawn up from the sink into the faucet. This arrangement prevents any contaminants in the sink from entering into the potable water system by siphonage; this is the simplest form of backflow prevention.
    A common use of the term "air gap" in domestic plumbing refers to a specialized fixture that provides backflow prevention for an installed dishwasher. This "air gap" is visible above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted near the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the "top" of the air gap, and the "bottom" of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket, or into a garbage disposal unit. When installed and maintained properly, the air gap works as described above, and prevents drain water from the sink from backing up into the dishwasher, possibly contaminating dishes.
    To further illustrate the air gap, consider what could happen if the air gap were eliminated by attaching a hose to the faucet and lowering the hose into a sink full of contaminated water. Under the right conditions (if the water supply loses pressure and the sink is higher than the point at which the water supply enters the house, for instance), the dirty water in the sink could be siphoned backwards into the water pipes through the hose and faucet. The dirty water could then be dispersed throughout the drinking water system.


    Standards and codes


    All plumbing codes require backflow prevention in several ways. The fixtures must be manufactured and installed to meet these codes. Plumbers must not build cross-connections during their daily work practices, and plumbing inspectors look for improper designs or connections of piping and plumbing fixtures. A common misconception is that a "high loop" (routing a continuous drain line above a sink's flood level, for instance) will provide the same function as an air gap; this is not true, because the continuous connection in such a case will still allow backflow through siphoning.
    According to the International Residential Code 2003, an air gap length must meet the requirements of being two times the effective inner diameter of the pipe (2×D) in order to be sufficient.
    A standard widely use in the United States is:

    A112.1.2 Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems (For Plumbing Fixtures and Water-Connected Receptors)
    In the United Kingdom, legislation is by statutory instrument and varies by country, but includes Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2016 and Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations (Wales). The categorization of air gaps is standardized by European standards, which cover the basic design and dimensions for appropriate to different uses.

    EN 13076 -- Devices to prevent pollution by backflow of potable water - Unrestricted air gap - Family A - Type A
    EN 13077 -- Devices to prevent pollution by backflow of potable water - Air gap with non-circular overflow (unrestricted) - Family A - Type B
    EN 13078 -- Devices to prevent pollution by backflow of potable water - Air gap with submerged feed incorporating air inlet plus overflow - Family A, type C
    and others for each family and type of air gap


    See also


    Hydrostatic loop
    Pressure vacuum breaker
    Double check valve
    Chemigation valve
    Reduced pressure zone device
    Atmospheric vacuum breaker
    Upstream contamination


    References

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air gap plumbing

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Condensate Drains and Air Gaps - Why? - Plumbing Inspections ...

Feb 9, 2021 · I’m having a little trouble understanding this concept from the text: 6.3.3 Condensate Drain Connections Condensate drains from air conditioner coils, condensing furnaces, and heat-recovery ventilators should not drain directly into a DWV pipe. An indirect drain using an air gap should be installed. In some locations, the direct connection of a condensate drain line into a …

Air Gap? - Plumbing Inspections - InterNACHI®️ Forum

Mar 15, 2010 · Air gap (plumbing) An air gap, as it relates to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. Air gaps of appropriate design are required for water safety by legislation in many countries. A simple example is the space between a wall mounted faucet and the sink rim (this space ...

Does a Dishwasher require a Air Gap? - Plumbing Inspections ...

Mar 21, 2011 · protection must be provided by means of an air gap. Section P2902.3.1 mandates an air gap. ** P2717.2 Sink and dishwasher.**A sink and dishwasher are permitted to discharge through a single 11/2-inch (38 mm) trap. The discharge pipe from the dishwasher shall be increased to a minimum of 3/4 inch (19 mm) in diameter and shall be connected

Dishwasher Air Gap - Plumbing Inspections - InterNACHI®️ Forum

Oct 4, 2006 · I got a call from Lowes home improvement store tonight. The owner of a house I inspected was there and the Lowes employee called me at the owner’s instruction to try to convince me that an air gap isn’t required for a dishwasher if the drain line is looped up high. (I wrote up the lack of one in his house.) Can an air gap be omitted? If not required, how does …

Dishwasher without air gap - Plumbing Inspections

Feb 3, 2015 · “The dishwasher was not equipped with an air gap fitting pipe. This device will assist with proper drainage of water from dishwasher. An air gap fitting is designed to prevent contaminated drain water from the sink backing up into the dishwasher, possibly contaminating dishes. Recommend installation of an air gap by a qualified plumber.”

An example of an Air Gap? - InterNACHI®️ Forum

Mar 10, 2022 · Just to get an understanding of “Air Gaps”, a lavatory faucet should never be able to dip down low enough to where it can come in contact with the water in the sink? Is this an example?

Does a Dishwasher require a Air Gap? - Page 2 - Plumbing …

Mar 22, 2011 · Absolutely required in CA. There was talk that it would be phased out in the new code cycle, but it remains - without question. 2010 California Plumbing Code; 807.4 No domestic dishwashing machine shall be directly connected to a drainage system or food waste disposer without the use of an approved dishwasher airgap fitting on the discharge side of the …

Can I forego installation of an airgap with my Kitchenaid …

Sep 14, 2008 · I cannot find this exception anywhere. I also cannot find LA City plumbing code on-line. I have looked up the installation instructions on my current Kitchenaid dishwasher and according to the instructions it can be installed with a high-arc loop and into my garbage disposal and this, essentially, would work the same as an air gap.

Air gap or high loop - Plumbing Inspections - InterNACHI®️ Forum

Nov 15, 2009 · Not sure about code but most manufacture’s installation instructions call for a high loop or air-gap fitting. The way I’m reading the manufactures instruction in my previous post is if the drain line is connected a min. 20" at the house plumbing that is sufficient in preventing backflow or water siphoning.

Air gap or not? - Plumbing Inspections - InterNACHI®️ Forum

Nov 4, 2014 · Cut a hole in the drain pipe , squeeze a copper pipe in that hole, then use glue solvent to plug that hole where copper meets ‘plastic’ pipe , and dont use any support straps or hangers to hold the copper pipe that has weight of water and a rubber hose on it. I say the air gap is least of the problem. It looks like they threaded it to me.