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      Alba County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈalba]) is a county (județ) of Romania located in the historic region of Transylvania. Its capital is Alba Iulia, a city with a population of 63,536.


      Name


      "Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In Hungarian, the county is known as Fehér megye (fehér also meaning white), and in German as Kreis Karlsburg.


      Geography



      This county has a total area of 6,242 km2 (2,410 sq mi), with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface.
      The Apuseni Mountains are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the Parâng Mountains group – the Șureanu and Cindrel mountains – are in the south. In the east there is the Transylvanian Plateau with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the Mureș River valley.
      The main rivers are the Mureș River and its tributaries, the Târnava, the Sebeș, and the Arieș.


      = Neighbors

      =
      Sibiu County and Mureș County to the east.
      Bihor County and Arad County to the west.
      Cluj County to the north.
      Hunedoara County to the southwest.
      Vâlcea County to the south.


      Economy


      The predominant industries in the county are:

      Food industry
      Textile industry
      Wood industry
      Mechanical components
      Paper and packaging materials industry
      Chemical industry
      The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt, and construction materials, including marble and granite.


      Tourist attractions



      The main tourist attractions in the county are:

      The city of Alba Iulia
      The Apuseni Mountains
      Scărișoara karst complex
      Maidens' Fair on the Găina Mountain
      The Dealul cu melci ("Snail Hill") west of Vidra
      Barren Detunata and Shaggy Detunata (Detunatele)
      The Câlnic Citadel and the castle of Gârbova
      The towns and churches of Sebeș and Aiud
      The Ocna Mureș resort
      The Țara Moților ethnographical area. Situated in the Apuseni Mountains, Țara Moților is a region with strong and distinct Romanian traditions.
      Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - Mining began 2000 years ago on Mt. Kirnik (Cârnic), with well-preserved Roman galleries. A Canadian company attempted an open-pit mine, but abandoned the project around 2007. Roșia Montană is a famous locality among mineral collectors for fine native gold specimens.
      The Via Transilvanica hiking and biking trail


      Demographics


      According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 325,941 and the population density was 52.2/km2 (135.2/sq mi).


      Politics


      The Alba County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 county councillors, with the following party composition:


      Administrative divisions



      Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns, and 67 communes.

      Municipalities:
      Aiud
      Alba Iulia – county seat; pop. 58,761 (as of 2011)
      Blaj
      Sebeș
      Towns:
      Abrud
      Baia de Arieș
      Câmpeni
      Cugir
      Ocna Mureș
      Teiuș
      Zlatna


      Historical county



      Historically, Alba de Jos County was located in the central-western part of Greater Romania, in the southwestern part of Transylvania, with a territory identical with the old Alsó-Fehér County of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by Hunedoara County, to the north by Turda County, and to the east by the counties of Sibiu and Târnava-Mică. Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County.


      = Administration

      =

      The county originally consisted of seven districts (plăși):

      Plasa Abrud (headquarters at Abrud)
      Plasa Aiud (headquarters at Aiud)
      Plasa Ighiu (headquarters at Ighiu)
      Plasa Ocna Mureș (headquarters at Ocna Mureș)
      Plasa Sebeș (headquarters at Sebeș)
      Plasa Teiuș (headquarters at Teiuș)
      Plasa Vințu de Jos (headquarters at Vințu de Jos)
      Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these:

      Plasa Abrud (seven villages, headquarters at Abrud)
      Plasa Aiud (thirty-three villages, headquarters at Aiud)
      Plasa Alba Iulia (eighteen villages, headquarters at Alba Iulia)
      Plasa Ocna Mureș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at Ocna Mureș)
      Plasa Sebeș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at Sebeș)
      Plasa Teiuș (twenty villages, headquarters at Teiuș)
      Plasa Vințu de Jos (thirteen villages, headquarters at Vințu de Jos)
      Plasa Zlatna (eighteen villages, headquarters at Zlatna)
      There were four towns: Alba Iulia, Abrud, Aiud, and Sebeș.


      = Population

      =
      According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 212,749, of which 81.5% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 3.6% Germans, 1.8% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 50.1% Eastern Orthodox, 31.6% Greek Catholics, 7.5% Reformed (Calvinists), 3.4% Roman Catholics, 3.3% Evangelical (Lutherans), 1.2% Unitarians, and other minorities.


      Urban population


      In 1930, the urban population of the county was 33,365, of which 58.8% were Romanians, 23.0% Hungarians, 8.2% Germans, 6.2% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 38.3% Eastern Orthodox, 21.4% Greek Catholic, 14.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 7.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 6.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities.


      = After 1938

      =
      After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ciuc, Odorhei, Sibiu, Târnava Mare, and Târnava Mică to form Ținutul Mureș. The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It was re-established in 1968 in its current borders.


      People


      Notable natives include:

      Ion Agârbiceanu
      Lucian Blaga
      Avram Iancu
      Sofronie of Cioara
      Ioan Suciu


      References




      External links



      (in Romanian) Alba County on memoria.ro

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    Location of Alba county (www.wikipedia.org) | Download Scientific Diagram

    Location of Alba county (www.wikipedia.org) | Download Scientific Diagram

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    Purpose of stay in Alba County | Download Scientific Diagram

    Purpose of stay in Alba County | Download Scientific Diagram

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