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- Alternative comics
- Alternative Comics
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- Angoulême International Comics Festival
- List of comics publishing companies
Superman: Doomsday (2007)
Action, Animation, Bioskop Online, bioskop21, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Science Fiction, USA
Lauren Montgomery
Caddo Lake (2024)
Bioskop Online, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, Drama, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Mystery, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Science Fiction, Thriller, USA
Celine Held
Gridman Universe (2023)
Action, Animation, Bioskop Online, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Dewanonton, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Science Fiction, Japan
Akira Amemiya
The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008)
Adventure, Bioskop Online, bioskop21, BioskopKeren, Dewanonton, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, Drama, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Family, Fantasy, Ganool, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, USA
Mark Waters
Alternative comics GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
Alternative comics or independent comics cover a range of American comics that have appeared since the 1980s, following the underground comix movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Alternative comics present an alternative to mainstream superhero comics which in the past have dominated the American comic book industry. They span across a wide range of genres, artistic styles, and subjects.
Alternative comics are often published in small numbers with less regard for regular distribution schedules.
Many alternative comics have variously been labelled as post-underground comics, independent comics, indie comics, auteur comics, small press comics, new wave comics, creator-owned comics, art comics, or literary comics. Many self-published "minicomics" also fall under the "alternative" umbrella.
From underground to alternative
By the mid-1970s, artists within the underground comix scene felt that it had become less creative than it had been in the past. According to Art Spiegelman, "What had seemed like a revolution simply deflated into a lifestyle. Underground comics were stereotyped as dealing only with sex, dope and cheap thrills. They got stuffed back into the closet, along with bong pipes and love beads, as things started to get uglier." In an attempt to address this, underground cartoonists moved to start magazines that anthologized new, artistically ambitious comics in the 1980s. RAW, a lavishly produced, large format anthology that was clearly intended to be seen as a work of art was founded by Spiegelman and his wife Françoise Mouly in 1980. Another magazine, Weirdo, was started by the leading figure in underground comix, Robert Crumb, in 1981.
These magazines reflected changes from the days of the underground comix. They had different formats from the old comix, and the selection of artists differed, too. RAW featured many European artists, Weirdo included photo-funnies and strange outsider art-type documents. Elfquest was based on a science fiction/fantasy theme with powerful female and male characters of varied races and cultures, and done in a bright and colourful manga-like style. The underground staples of sex, drugs and revolution were much less in evidence. More emphasis was placed on developing the craft of comics drawing and storytelling, with many artists aiming for work that was both subtler and more complex than was typical in the underground. This was true of much of the new work done by the established comix artists as well as the newcomers: Art Spiegelman's Maus, much celebrated for bringing a new seriousness to comics, was serialized in RAW.
While fans debate the origins of self-publishing in the comics industry, many consider Dave Sim an early leader in this area. Starting in 1977, he primarily wrote, drew and published Cerebus the Aardvark, on his own under the "Aardvark-Vanaheim Inc." imprint and announcing he would publish 300 issues of the series consecutively, something unheard of at the time for a self-published book. Sim is known for his activism in favor of creators' rights and his outspoken nature in regards to the industry. He often used the back of his comic to deliver "messages from the President", which were sometimes editorials concerning the comics industry and self-publishing.
Wendy and Richard Pini founded WaRP Graphics, one of the early American independent comics publishers, in 1977 and released the first issues of their long-running series, Elfquest, in February 1978. They followed with titles such as MythAdventures and related titles by Robert Asprin; and Thunder Bunny, created by Martin Greim. WaRP was also the original publisher of A Distant Soil by Colleen Doran. As an alternative to most of the masculine-themed comics of its time – and even to this day – Elfquest became enormously popular among female comic book fans around the world, while also drawing a solid male fan base. WaRP Graphics paved the way for many independent and alternative comic book creators who came after them. At its peak in the mid-1980s, Elfquest was selling 100,000 copies per issue in the initial print run, attracting one of the largest followings of any direct-sale comic. Most issues up to No. 9 saw multiple printings. It was the visible success of Elfquest that inspired many other writers and artists to try their own hand at self-publishing.
Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, a series by Mirage Studios, was very influential on a new generation of creators and became a huge success story of self publishing.
Jeff Smith, a friend of Dave Sim, was also very influential in self-published comics, creating the highly popular and long-lived Bone. As with Sim with Cerebus and unlike mainstream comic books stories with their spontaneously generated and rambling narratives, Smith produced Bone as a story with a planned end.
The publishing house Fantagraphics published the work of a new generation of artists, notably Love and Rockets by the brothers Jaime, Gilbert and Mario Hernandez.
Dan DeBono published Indy – The Independent Comic Guide, a magazine covering only independent comics starting in 1994. It ran for 18 issues and featured covers by Daniel Clowes, Tim Vigil, Drew Hayes, William Tucci, Jeff Smith and Wendy and Richard Pini.
Alternative comics have increasingly established themselves within the larger culture, as evidenced by the success of the feature film Ghost World based on one of the best selling alternative titles, Eightball, by Daniel Clowes and the cross-genre success of the book Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth, by Chris Ware, a story that was serialized in Ware's comic, Acme Novelty Library.
Image Comics and Dark Horse Comics publish many alternative comics. Notable examples include Stan Sakai's Usagi Yojimbo, Sergio Aragonés's Groo the Wanderer, and James O'Barr's The Crow.
Oni Press used the term "real mainstream," coined by Stephen L. Holland of the UK comic shop Page 45, to describe its output. Traditional American comic books regard superhero titles as "mainstream" and all other genres as "non-mainstream", a reversal of the perception in other countries. Oni Press, therefore, adopted the "real mainstream" term to suggest that it publishes comic books and graphic novels whose subject matter is more in line with the popular genres of other media: thrillers, romances, realistic drama and so on. Oni Press avoids publishing superhero, fantasy and science fiction titles, unless interesting creators approach these concepts from an unusual angle.
Top Shelf Productions has published many notable alternative comics such as Craig Thompson's Blankets and Alex Robinson's Box Office Poison. In 2010 they branched out into unusual Japanese manga, with the release of AX:alternative manga (edited by Sean Michael Wilson). This 400-page collection received a high level of critical praise.
= List of publishers
=Though categories might overlap, this list makes a division between more strictly "alternative" comics and independent publishers operating primarily in the action-adventure, crime, horror and movie/TV-tie in genres.
Alternative comics
Alternative Comics (1993–present)
L'Association (France) (1990–present)
Black Eye Productions (1992–1998)
Buenaventura Press/Pigeon Press (2004–2010; 2010–2016)
Callworks Inc. (2009–present)
Cat-Head Comics (1980–1998)
Conundrum Press (Canada) (1995–present)
Drawn & Quarterly (Canada) (1991–present)
Fantagraphics Books (1976–present)
First Second Books (2006–present); division of Holtzbrinck
Highwater Books (1997–2004)
Kitchen Sink Press (1970–1999)
Koyama Press (2007–present)
Last Gasp (1970–present); originally an underground publisher; hasn't published original comics since c. 2005
Gator Graphix (1986-1988)
Mineshaft Magazine (1999–present)
MU Press (1990–c. 2006)
NBM Publishing (1984–present)
Neoglyphic Media (2012–present)
Pantheon Books graphic novel division (1978–present); subsidiary of Random House
Sacred Mountain (1998–present)
Silver Sprocket (2012–present)
Slave Labor Graphics/Amaze Ink (1986–present)
Space Face Books (2011–present)
Sparkplug Comics (2002–2016)
Starhead Comix (1984–c. 1999)
Top Shelf Productions (1997–present)
Township Comics (2016–present)
Vortex Comics (Canada) (1982–1994)
World War 3 Illustrated (1980–present)
Independent
A Wave Blue World (????–present)
Aardvark-Vanaheim (1977–present)
Abrams ComicArts (????–present); Imprint of Abrams Books
Action Lab Comics (2010–present)
AfterShock Comics (2015–present)
Albatross Funnybooks (????–present)
Alterna Comics (2006– present)
Amulet Books (????–present); Imprint of Abrams Books
Antarctic Press (1984–present)
Apollo Comics (2016–present)
Apple Comics (1986–1994)
Attaboy Funny Books (2014–present)
Aspen Comics (2003–present)
Asylum Press (1999–present)
Arcana Comics (2004–present)
Ark Vindicta Development & Publishing, LLC (2012–present )
Avatar Press (1996–present)
AWA Studios (2018-present)
Bedside Press (2014–present)
Beyond Comics (????–present)
Black Mask Studios (2012–present)
Blackthorne Publishing (1985–1990)
Blue Juice Comics (2012–present)
Boom! Studios (2005–present)
Caliber Comics (1989–2000)
Class Comics (1995–present)
Comico (1982–1997)
Continüm Comics (1988–1994)
Creative Impulse Entertainment (????–present)
CrossGen (Cross Generation Entertainment) (1998–2004)
Darby Pop Publishing (2013–present)
Dark Horse Comics (1986–present)
Desperado Publishing (2005–present); IDW Publishing imprint since 2009
Devil's Due Publishing (1999–present)
Diego Comics Publishing (2012–present)
Drawn & Quarterly (1990–present)
DSLTRY (2023-present)
Dynamite Entertainment (2005–present)
Eclipse Comics (1978–1994)
Emerald Star Comics (2013–present)
Event Comics (1994–1999); absorbed by Marvel Comics
FantaCo Enterprises (1978–1998)
Fierce Comics (2005–present)
First Comics (1983–1991)
The Fourth Age (2021-present)
Harrier Comics (U.K.) (1984–1989)
Harris Comics (1985–2008)
Hyperwerks (1997–present)
IDW Publishing (1999–present)
Image Comics (1992–present)
In Planet Studio (2010–present)
Iron Circus Comics (2007-present)
keenspot (2000–present)
Lion Forge Comics (2011–present)
Malibu Comics (1986–1994); absorbed by Marvel Comics
Markosia (2005–present)
Millennium Publications (1990–2000)
MonkeyBrain Books (????–present)
Moonstone Books (1995–present)
NBM Publishing (1976, 1984–present)
NOW Comics (1985–2006)
Oni Press (1997–present)
Papercutz (2005–present)
Pendulum Press (1970–1994)
Personality Comics (1991–1993)
Radical Comics (2007–present)
Raw Studios (????–present)
Raytoons Comics (2007–present)
Red 5 Comics (2007–present)
Revolutionary Comics (1989–1994)
Rippaverse (2022-present)
Scattered Comics (1991-present)
Shadowline (1993–present)
SketchBoox Entertainment (2015–present)
Slave Labor Graphics (1986–present)
So Cherry Studios (2014–present)
So What? Press (2011–present)
TidalWave Productions (2007–present)
Titan Comics (2012-present)
TKO Studios (2017-present)
Udon Entertainment (2000–present)
Un Faulduo (2005–present)
Urban Comics (2012–present)
Valiant Comics (1989–1996, 2012–present)
Vault Comics (2016-present)
Viper Comics (????–present)
Wanga Comics (2005–present)
WaRP Graphics (1977–present)
Zenescope Entertainment (2005–present)
See also
Abstract comics
Alternative manga
Fumetti d'autore
Garo
Gekiga, Japanese equivalent of alternative comics
Webcomics, which are normally self-published
References
External links
Fierce Comics
Elfquest by WaRP Graphics
Drawn & Quarterly
Fantagraphics
Radiator Comics
Silver Sprocket
BirdCage-Bottom-Books
Quimby's Book Store
Top Shelf Productions
Image Comics
Dark Horse Comics
The Comics Journal
Indie Review
Indie Comic Database
Time.comix: Andrew D. Arnold
Alternative Comics GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
Alternative Comics was an American independent graphic novel and comic book publisher most recently based in Cupertino, California. In addition to publishing creator-owned titles, Alternative Comics was also a noted publisher of anthologies such as 9-11: Emergency Relief, Hi-Horse, Hickee, Rosetta, and True Porn.
History
= Jeff Mason era
=Alternative Press, Inc. was founded in 1993 by Jeff Mason – while he was still a law student at the University of Florida — to publish Indy Magazine, a magazine devoted to small-label music and comics. (Indy was published in print form, with founder Dan DeBono, from 1993 to 1997 and revived as a digital magazine from 2004 to 2005).
In 1996, Mason made the decision to publish comics, specifically to give up-and-coming creators their first break in the industry. The company changed its name to Alternative Comics and began publishing such cartoonists as Steven Weissman, Ed Brubaker, and Sam Henderson. At this point, the company established its policy of giving creators "complete artistic and legal control of their work."
In 1999, Alternative Comics published Monica's Story, by James Kochalka and Tom Hart, which satirized the Starr Report's coverage of President Bill Clinton's affair with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Proceeds from Monica's Story benefitted the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. The publisher also received mainstream notice for publishing 2001's Titans of Finance: True Tales of Money and Business, by R. Walker and Josh Neufeld; and 2002's 9-11: Emergency Relief, a post-9/11 benefit anthology.
In 2003–2004, the company expanded its offerings, debuting new ongoing titles by such cartoonists as Graham Annable, Scott Campbell, Damon Hurd, Nick Bertozzi, and Josh Neufeld, as well as a number of one-shots and graphic novels. Alternative faced a major financial challenge in 2004 as a result of the 2002 bankruptcy of the distributor LPC. The company scaled back its publication schedule and was forced to cancel a few titles.
Mason operated Alternative Comics from 1993 to 2008, when the company went defunct.
= Marc Arsenault era
=In July 2012, it was announced that Alternative Comics was resuming operations under the new general manager Marc Arsenault, owner of the publisher/distributor Wow Cool, and moving to Cupertino, California. (Wow Cool had been formed in 1990 by Arsenault, Tom Hart, and Sam Henderson, so the company already had established relationships with a number of Alternative Comics' core cartoonists.)
In February 2015, Alternative Comics formed a distribution cooperative with the small publishers Floating World Comics, Hic and Hoc Publications, Revival House Press, Study Group Comics, Hang Dai Editions, and Steve Lafler/Manx Media. Dubbed the Alternative Comics Publishing Co-Op, the publishers agreed to have their titles listed in distribution catalogs under the Alternative Comics banner, thus giving the publishers access to distribution from Diamond Comic Distributors and Consortium Book Sales and Distribution. In addition, Altenrative Comics announced it was reviving Indy Magazine (vol. 3).
When Sparkplug Comics shut down in June 2016, the company's backlist was moved to Alternative Comics.
The company again ceased its operations in the spring of 2020, with at least some of its former titles being distributed by Wow Cool.
In early June 2024, Wow Cool announced on Instagram that "Alternative Comics has landed in its third home of Troy, New York. Everything should be up and running by next week."
Creators
Cartoonists who have published with Alternative include Graham Annable, Gabrielle Bell, Nick Bertozzi, Brandon Graham, Asaf Hanuka, Tomer Hanuka, Tom Hart, Dean Haspiel, Sam Henderson, James Kochalka, David Lasky, Jon Lewis, Matt Madden, Josh Neufeld, Dash Shaw, Jen Sorensen, and Sara Varon.
The company was also known as a distributor for Xeric Foundation award-winners, such as Leela Corman, Derek Kirk Kim, Neufeld, Bishakh Som, Sorensen, Karl Stevens, Lauren Weinstein, and many others.
Ongoing or limited series
= Jeff Mason era
=Alternative Comics anthology (2 issues, 2003–2004)
Bipolar, by Asaf Hanuka, & Tomer Hanuka (5 issues, 2001–2004)
Detour, by Ed Brubaker (1 issue, 1997)
A Fine Mess, by Matt Madden (2 issues, 2002–2004)
Hickee, by Graham Annable, Scott Campbell, Joe White, et al. (4 issues, 2003–2007)
Humongous Man, by Dan Stepp and Jim Harrison (4 issues, 1997–1998)
Magic Whistle, by Sam Henderson (11 issues, 1998–2008; continued by Arsenault)
Peanutbutter & Jeremy, by James Kochalka (4 issues, 2001)
The Power of 6, by Jon Lewis (1 issue, 2006)
Rosetta: A Comics Anthology, edited by Ng Suat Tong (2 issues, 2003–2005)
Rubber Necker, by Nick Bertozzi (4 issues, 2002–2004)
Slowpoke, by Jen Sorensen (1 issues, 1998)
A Sort of Homecoming, by Damon Hurd and Pedro Camello (3 issues, 2003–2007)
Spectacles, by Jon Lewis (4 issues, 1997–1998)
True Porn anthology (2 issues, 2003–2005)
Urban Hipster, by David Lasky & Greg Stump (2 issues, 1998–2003)
The Vagabonds, by Josh Neufeld (2 issues, 2003–2006)
Yikes, by Steven Weissman (2 issues, 1997–1998)
= Marc Arsenault era
=Death in Oaxaca, by Steve Lafler (3 issues, 2014–2015)
Hawd Tales, by Devin Flynn (2 issues, 2014–2016)
Injury, by Ted May, et al., (4 issues, 2012–2014)
Irene anthology edited by Dakota McFadzean, Andy Warner, and dw (3 issues, 2014-2015)
Magic Whistle, by Sam Henderson (4 issues, 2012–2015)
Magic Whistle 3.0 by Sam Henderson et al. (3 issues, 2015–2016)
Reich, by Elijah Brubaker, (12 issues, 2016–2017)
Secret Voice, by Zack Soto (3 issues, 2015–2016)
Slasher, by Charles Forsman (5 issues, 2017–2018)
Sun Bakery, by Corey Lewis (4 issues, 2016–2017)
Terra Flats, mostly by Jason Fischer (2 issues, 2016–2017)
Titan, by François Vignéault (5 issues, 2016–2017)
True Stories, by Derf Backderf (4 issues, 2014–2018)
Vile, by Tyler Landry (2 issues, 2016–2017)
The Willows, by Nathan Carson and Sam Ford (2 issues, 2017–2018)
Graphic novels, trade paperbacks, and one-shots
9-11: Emergency Relief, by various writers and artists, January 2002, ISBN 1-891867-12-1.
Aim to Dazzle, by Dean Haspiel, 2003
The Cute Manifesto, by James Kochalka, 2005, ISBN 1-891867-73-3.
Fancy Froglin's Sexy Forest, by James Kochalka, 2003, ISBN 1-891867-47-4.
Fantastic Butterflies, by James Kochalka, 2002, ISBN 1-891867-18-0.
Further Grickle, by Graham Annable, 2003, ISBN 1-891867-55-5.
Grickle, by Graham Annable, 2001, ISBN 1-891867-01-6.
Lou, by Melissa Mendes, 2016 ISBN 9781681485201
Lunch Hour Comix by Rob Ullman, 2005
Monica's Story, by "Anonymous," James Kochalka, and Tom Hart, 1999.
The Mother's Mouth, by Dash Shaw, 2006, ISBN 1-891867-98-9.
My Uncle Jeff, written by Damon Hurd & illustrated by Pedro Camello, 2003.
Never Ending Summer, by Allison Cole, 2004, ISBN 1-891867-66-0.
Opposable Thumbs, by Dean Haspiel, 2001
Peanutbutter & Jeremy, by James Kochalka, 2004, ISBN 1-891867-46-6
Pizzeria Kamikaze, written by Etgar Keret & illustrated by Asaf Hanuka, 2006, ISBN 1-891867-90-3.
The Placebo Man, by Tomer Hanuka, 2006, ISBN 1-891867-91-1.
Quit Your Job, by James Kochalka, 1998, ISBN 1-891867-00-8.
RabbitHead, by Rebecca Dart, 2004, ISBN 1-891867-72-5.
Red Eye, Black Eye, by K. Thor Jensen, 2007
Salmon Doubts, by Adam Sacks, 2004, ISBN 1-891867-71-7.
The Sequential Artists Workshop Guide to Creating Professional Comic Strips, by Tom Hart, 2016, ISBN 978-1934460894
She's Not into Poetry: Mini-Comics 1991–1996, by Tom Hart, 2016, ISBN 978-1934460887
Slowpoke: Café Pompous, by Jen Sorensen, 2001 ISBN 1-891867-02-4.
Slowpoke: America Gone Bonkers, by Jen Sorensen, 2004 ISBN 1-891867-78-4.
Stickleback, by Graham Annable, 2005, ISBN 1-891867-80-6.
A Strange Day, written by Damon Hurd & illustrated by Tatiana Gill, 2005
Strum and Drang: Great Moments in Rock 'n' Roll, by Joel Orff, 2003, ISBN 1-891867-27-X.
Subway Series, by Leela Corman, 2002, ISBN 1-891867-14-8.
Sweaterweather, by Sara Varon, 2003, ISBN 1-891867-49-0.
Titans of Finance, by R. Walker & Josh Neufeld, 2001
True Swamp: Underwoods and Overtime, by Jon Lewis, 2000
True Swamp: Stoneground and Hillbound, by Jon Lewis, 2001
Waterwise, by Joel Orff, 2004, ISBN 1-891867-82-2.
When I'm Old, by Gabrielle Bell, 2003, ISBN 1-891867-43-1.
The White Elephant, written by Damon Hurd & illustrated by Chris Steininger, 2005, ISBN 1-891867-64-4.
References
= Notes
== Sources consulted
=External links
Official website
Alternative Comics on Instagram
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
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