- Galaksi Antena
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- Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
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- Antenna
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- Antennae Galaxies - Wikipedia
- Antennae Galaxies - NASA
- Antennae Galaxies: NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 - Constellation Guide
- Antennae Galaxies - Science@NASA
- Antennae Galaxies Facts
- The Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038 & NGC 4039): Type, Age, …
- Antennae galaxies - Simple English Wikipedia, the free …
- Antennae Galaxies reloaded - ESA/Hubble
- A Galactic Spectacle - NASA Science
- Interacting Galaxies: The Antennae - ViewSpace
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The Antennae Galaxies (also known as NGC 4038/NGC 4039 or Caldwell 60/Caldwell 61) are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus. They are currently going through a starburst phase, in which the collision of clouds of gas and dust, with entangled magnetic fields, causes rapid star formation. They were discovered by William Herschel in 1785.
General information
The Antennae Galaxies are undergoing a galactic collision. These interacting galaxies are located 0.25° north of 31 Crateris and 3.25° southwest of Gamma Corvi. A 2008 study found that they are less remote from the Milky Way than previously thought—at 45 million light-years instead of 65 million light-years.
Located in the NGC 4038 group with five other galaxies, these two galaxies are known as the Antennae Galaxies because the two long tails of stars, gas and dust ejected from the galaxies as a result of the collision resemble an insect's antennae.
The nuclei of the two galaxies are joining to become one giant galaxy. Most galaxies probably undergo at least one significant collision in their lifetimes. This is likely the future of our Milky Way when it collides with the Andromeda Galaxy. This collision and merger sequence (the Toomre sequence) for galaxy evolution was developed in part by successfully modeling the Antennae Galaxies' "antennae" in particular.
The Antennae galaxies also contain a relatively young collection of massive globular clusters that were possibly formed as a result of the collision between the two galaxies. The young age of these clusters is in contrast to the average age of most known globular clusters (which are around 12 billion years old), with the formation of the globulars likely originating from shockwaves, generated by the collision of the galaxies, compressing large, massive molecular clouds. The densest regions of the collapsing and compressing clouds are believed to be the birthplace of the clusters.
NGC 4038 has a lot of Cepheid Variables, around 53 of them.
Supernovae
Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 4038.
SN 1974E (type unknown, mag. 14) was discovered by Miklós Lovas on 21 March 1974.
SN 2004gt (type Ic, mag. 14.9) was discovered by Berto Monard on 12 December 2004.
SN 2007sr (type Ia, mag. 12.9) was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey on 18 December 2007.
SN 2013dk (type Ic, mag. 15.8) was discovered by the CHASE Project (CHilean Automatic Supernovas sEarch) on 22 June 2013.
One supernova has been found in NGC 4039.
SN 1921A (type unknown, mag. 16) was discovered by Edwin Hubble and John Charles Duncan in March 1921.
Timeline
About 1.2 billion years ago, the Antennae were two separate galaxies. NGC 4038 was a barred spiral galaxy and NGC 4039 was a spiral galaxy. 900 million years ago, the Antennae began to approach one another, looking similar to NGC 2207 and IC 2163. 600 million years ago, the Antennae passed through each other, looking like the Mice Galaxies. 300 million years ago, the Antennae's stars began to be released from both galaxies. Today the two streamers of ejected stars extend far beyond the original galaxies, resulting in the antennae shape.
Within 400 million years, the Antennae's nuclei will collide and become a single core with stars, gas, and dust around it. Observations and simulations of colliding galaxies (e.g., by Alar Toomre) suggest that the Antennae Galaxies will eventually form an elliptical galaxy.
X-ray source
Areas containing large amounts of neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si) were found when the Chandra X-ray Observatory analyzed the Antennae Galaxies. Heavy elements such as these are necessary in order for planets that may contain life (as we know it) to form. The clouds imaged contain 16 times as much magnesium and 24 times as much silicon as the Sun.
See also
Whirlpool Galaxy
List of largest galaxies
References
Notes
External links
Astronomy Picture of the Day: The Antennae Galaxies (10/22/1997)
Astronomy Picture of the Day: The Antennae (05/07/2010)
Astronomy Picture of the Day: The Antennae (04/29/2011)
Astronomy Picture of the Day: The Antennae (02/12/2015)
The Register: Galactic prang fingered in star formation mystery
ESA/Hubble News Release
ESA/Hubble images of Antennae Galaxies
Animations of galactic collision producing antennae structures
Antennae Galaxies on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
Antennae Galaxies at Constellation Guide
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Antennae Galaxies
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Antennae Galaxies – National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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Antennae Galaxies | Telescope Live
The “Antennae Galaxies” – See The Glory
Antennae Galaxies — AAPOD2.COM
Antennae Galaxies | Telescope Live
Antennae Galaxies
Antennae Galaxies | Telescope Live
Antennae Galaxies | Telescope Live
Antennae Galaxies | Telescope Live
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Daftar Isi
Antennae Galaxies - Wikipedia
Located in the NGC 4038 group with five other galaxies, these two galaxies are known as the Antennae Galaxies because the two long tails of stars, gas and dust ejected from the galaxies …
Antennae Galaxies - NASA
May 19, 2008 · The Antennae galaxies take their name from the long antenna-like “arms” extending far out from the nuclei of the two galaxies, best seen by ground-based telescopes. …
Antennae Galaxies: NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 - Constellation Guide
May 30, 2023 · The Antennae Galaxies, also known as the Ringtail Galaxy, are a pair of colliding galaxies located in the constellation Corvus. The collision has produced two long tails of stars …
Antennae Galaxies - Science@NASA
May 19, 2008 · The Antennae galaxies take their name from the long antenna-like "arms" extending far out from the nuclei of the two galaxies, best seen by ground-based telescopes. …
Antennae Galaxies Facts
The Antennae is a pair of spiral galaxies that are interacting and mingling their stars. They began their galactic dance over a few hundred million years ago and are currently in a period where …
The Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038 & NGC 4039): Type, Age, …
Feb 22, 2024 · In this article, we will explore the many unique features and characteristics of the Antennae Galaxies, from their structure and composition to their history and importance in our …
Antennae galaxies - Simple English Wikipedia, the free …
The Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/NGC 4039) are two colliding galaxies. [3] They are in the constellation Corvus. The process takes hundreds of millions of years, maybe even a billion …
Antennae Galaxies reloaded - ESA/Hubble
The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has snapped the best ever image of the Antennae Galaxies. Hubble has released images of these stunning galaxies twice before, once using …
A Galactic Spectacle - NASA Science
Aug 5, 2010 · The Antennae galaxies, located about 62 million light-years from Earth, are shown in this composite image from the Chandra X-ray Observatory (blue), the Hubble Space …
Interacting Galaxies: The Antennae - ViewSpace
The Antennae galaxies provide a stunning multi-wavelength view of galaxy interaction and all the resulting phases of the stellar lifecycle. Interacting galaxies typically swing by each other …