anticlea

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      In Greek mythology, Anticlea or Anticlia (; Ancient Greek: Ἀντίκλεια, literally "without fame") was a queen of Ithaca as the wife of King Laërtes.


      Family


      Anticlea was the daughter of Autolycus and Amphithea. The divine trickster and messenger of the gods, Hermes, was her paternal grandfather. Anticlea was the mother of Odysseus by Laërtes (though some say by Sisyphus). Ctimene was also her daughter by her husband Laertes.


      Mythology




      = Early years

      =
      According to Callimachus, when she was young, Anticlea served the goddess Artemis, and accompanied her in hunting, bearing arrow and quiver.
      According to some later sources, including a fragment of Aeschylus' lost tragedy The Judgment of Arms, Odysseus was the child of Anticlea by Sisyphus, not Laërtes. In this version of the story, Autolycus, an infamous trickster, stole Sisyphus' cattle. At some point, Sisyphus recognized his cattle while on a visit to Autolycus and subsequently seduced Anticlea, Autolycus' daughter. Odysseus was the result of this union, which took place before Anticlea's marriage to Laërtes. When Anticlea was brought to a place about the Alalcomeneum in Boeotia, she delivered Odysseus. Later on, her son called the city of Ithaca by the same name, to renew the memory of the place in which he had been born.


      = Odyssey

      =
      In Book XI of the Odyssey, Odysseus makes a trip to the underworld to seek the advice of the dead prophet Tiresias. In the underworld, he encounters many spirits, among them is that of his mother, Anticlea. Initially, he rebuffs her since he is waiting for the prophet to approach.
      After speaking with Tiresias, however, Odysseus allows his mother to come near and lets her speak. She asks him why he is in the underworld while alive, and he tells her about his various troubles and failed attempts to get home. Then he asks her how she died and inquires about his family at home. She tells him that she died of grief, longing for him while he was at war. Anticlea also says that Laërtes (Odysseus' father) "grieves continually" for Odysseus and lives in a hovel in the countryside, clad in rags and sleeping on the floor. Anticlea further describes the condition of Odysseus' wife Penelope and son Telemachus.
      Penelope has not yet remarried but is overwhelmed with sadness and longing for her husband while Telemachus acts as magistrate for Odysseus' properties. Odysseus attempts to embrace his mother three times but discovers that she is incorporeal, and his arms simply pass through her. She explains that this is how all ghosts are, and he expresses great sorrow.
      In some accounts, Anticleia killed herself on hearing a false report about her son from Nauplius.
      The encounter between Odysseus and his mother in the underworld is also the concept of a work by the Northern Irish poet Michael Longley, titled Anticleia.


      Notes




      References


      Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
      Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
      Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. ISBN 978-0674995611. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
      Homer. The Odyssey. "Book XI". Trans. Lombardo, Stanley. Indianapolis, USA: Hackett, 2000.
      Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, Moralia with an English Translation by Frank Cole Babbitt. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1936. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
      Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
      Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
      Suida, Suda Encyclopedia translated by Ross Scaife, David Whitehead, William Hutton, Catharine Roth, Jennifer Benedict, Gregory Hays, Malcolm Heath Sean M. Redmond, Nicholas Fincher, Patrick Rourke, Elizabeth Vandiver, Raphael Finkel, Frederick Williams, Carl Widstrand, Robert Dyer, Joseph L. Rife, Oliver Phillips and many others. Online version at the Topos Text Project.


      External links


      Encyclopædia Britannica on Autolycus and the disputed parentage of Odysseus
      Odysseus as the child of Sisyphus and Anticlea

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    Anticleia - Mythopedia

    Mar 11, 2023 · Anticleia was the daughter of Autolycus, the wife of Laertes, and the mother of Odysseus. Anticleia died of sorrow while waiting for her son Odysseus to return from Troy; in the Odyssey, Odysseus speaks to her shade when he travels to the Underworld.

    Odysseus - Mythopedia

    Apr 28, 2023 · Anticlea was the daughter of Autolycus, a talented thief and a son of Hermes. As Anticlea’s son, Odysseus was thus the grandson of Hermes. According to some traditions, however, Odysseus’ father was not Laertes but Sisyphus. As the story went, Sisyphus had seduced Anticlea before she married Laertes and was thus Odysseus’ true father.

    Laertes - Mythopedia

    Jul 5, 2023 · Laertes was the king of Ithaca and a hero who participated in the voyage of the Argonauts. He is best remembered as the father of Odysseus.

    Odyssey: Book 11 (Full Text) - Mythopedia

    “There as the wondrous visions I survey’d, All pale ascends my royal mother’s shade: A queen, to Troy she saw our legions pass; Now a thin form is all Anticlea was! Struck at the sight I melt with filial woe, And down my cheek the pious sorrows flow, Yet as I shook my falchion o’er the blood, Regardless of her son the parent stood.

    Hephaestus - Mythopedia

    Apr 18, 2023 · Etymology. As with many Greek deities, there is no reliable etymology for the name “Hephaestus.” The first known recording of the name (or a form of it) is in an inscription on the palace at Knossos on Crete, where it appears as a-pa-i-ti-jo in the syllabic Linear B script used in Bronze Age Greece (ca. 1600–1100 BCE).

    Odyssey: Book 24 (Full Text) - Mythopedia

    Argument. The souls of the suitors are conducted by Mercury to the infernal shades. Ulysses in the country goes to the retirement of his father, Laertes; he finds him busied in his garden all alone; the manner of his discovery to him is beautifully described.

    Greek Heroes – Mythopedia

    Jun 20, 2023 · Hesiod, Works and Days 160. ↩; Hesiod, Works and Days 109–79.Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.89–112. ↩; Cf. Gregory Nagy, The Best of the Achaeans: Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), 118–210, where the heroes of epic and myth are distinguished from the heroes of cult.

    Sisyphus – Mythopedia

    Dec 8, 2022 · Sisyphus was a Greek king famous for his cunning. He was so clever, in fact, that he managed to cheat Death himself and live a longer life than the gods had intended. But this later backfired: his actions angered the gods, and when he finally did die, he was forced to suffer eternal punishment in Tartarus.

    Odyssey - Mythopedia

    Mar 1, 2023 · The Odyssey, traditionally said to have been composed by Homer, is an epic poem probably written around the middle of the eighth century BCE. It describes the Greek hero Odysseus’ wanderings as he journeys home from fighting in the Trojan War.

    Odyssey: Book 23 (Full Text) - Mythopedia

    How dash’d like dogs, his friends the Cyclops tore (Not unrevenged), and quaff’d the spouting gore; How the loud storms in prison bound, he sails From friendly Aeolus with prosperous gales: Yet fate withstands! a sudden tempest roars, And whirls him groaning from his native shores: How on the barbarous Laestrigonian coast, By savage hands ...