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Ao Run GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
Ao Run (敖闰) or Ao Ji (敖吉), is the Dragon King of the West Sea (西海龙王, Xīhǎi Lóngwáng) and one of the Dragon Kings of the Four Seas in Chinese religion and Korean mythology. As an important belief in Chinese folk religion, Four Dragon King Temples are built around the place to worship the Dragon Kings.
Ao Run is the patron of Qinghai Lake and could be linked to the White Tiger as both are Chinese western gods. His brothers are Ao Guang, the Dragon King of the East Sea, Ao Qin, the Dragon King of the South Sea, and Ao Shun, the Dragon King of the North Sea.
Legends
According to Legend of Qinghai (传说青海), a long time ago, the King of Dragons was very happy to see that his queen had given birth to four dragons. Many years later, the four dragons grew up, causing more and more mischievous pranks until the Dragon King was out of breath. One day, the King of Dragons came up with a way to summon all the dragon princes into the Crystal Palace. He said, "You have grown up, so you should all have your own side." Then he ordered the eldest prince Ao Guang to become the King of the East China Sea, the second prince Ao Qin to become the King of the South China Sea, and the third prince Ao Shun to become the King of the North Sea. The King of Dragons wanted to keep the little prince Ao Run beside him, but Ao Run said, "I will be the King of the West Sea!" The King of Dragons laughed and praised him. Beyond the Huaxia's Nine Provinces, Ao Run did not see the West Sea. When he came to the southern foot of Qilian Mountain, he was exhausted. He cried sadly, "How can I be the King of the West Sea without the West Sea?" Then he climbed to the top of Qilian Mountain and made a big storm, but it did not suffice. When the Jade Emperor saw this happen, he felt pity. Therefore, he sent Lord of Thunder, Mother of Lightning, Earl of Wind, and Youth of Cloud to help Ao Run. Lightning, thunder, and storms created Haizi with an area of more than 5,000 square kilometers and a depth of more than 20 meters, which became the West Sea (Qinghai Lake). Since then, Ao Run has become the Dragon King of the West Sea.
Ao Run has three children. His sons are Yulong (玉龍), who was the steed of
Tang Sanzang, and Ao Moang (敖摩昂). He has a daughter named Ao Cinxin (敖寸心), also known as the Xihai Longnü (西海龙女).
In Korean mythology
In the Jakjaegeon myth, a part of the Goryeo Dynasty founding myth, Jakjaegeon kills an old Gwishin with a bow at the request of the Dragon King of the West Sea, who appears to him in a dream. The Dragon King of the West Sea gives him his daughter in gratitude, and the Dragon King of the West Sea tells Jakjaegeon that his grandson (King Taejo of Goryeo) will be king. Jakjaegeon has four sons, of which the eldest is Yong Geon, the father of King Taejo of Goryeo.
In Korean history, the Dragon King of the West Sea sent a turtle to King Changsu of Goguryeo in congratulation of his transfer of the capital to Pyongyang.
In popular culture
The generic name of the extinct genus of dinosaur Aorun, is actually a shortened masculine name of Ao Run.
See also
Bai Longma
References
Sources
Journey to the West. 中国画报出版社. 2003. ISBN 978-7-80024-670-8.
大话西游之超级小白龙 (in Chinese). renshenchujiu.Aorun GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
Aorun () (敖闰 pinyin Áo rùn) is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur first discovered in 2006, with its scientific description published in 2013. It is possibly one of the oldest known coelurosaurian dinosaurs and is estimated to have lived ~161.6 million years ago during the Late Jurassic Period, though some researchers consider it to be a carnosaurian instead.
Discovery and naming
The fossil which included the skull with numerous teeth, some vertebrae and leg bones were discovered by James Clark, the Ronald B. Weintraub Professor of Biology, in the Department of Biological Sciences of GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences with his then doctoral student Jonah Choiniere, along with a team of international researchers in a remote region of Xinjiang in China in 2006. They originally spotted a portion of a leg bone exposed on the surface, and when they dug it up, they found the skull underneath.
The type species Aorun zhaoi was named and described in 2013 by Jonah Choiniere, James Clark, Catherine Forster, Mark Norell, David Eberth, Gregory Erickson, Chu Hongjun and Xu Xing. The generic name is derived from Mandarin Chinese and is actually a shortened masculine name of Ao Run, who is the Chinese mythical deity, the Dragon King of the West Sea in the epic Journey to the West. The specific name honours Professor Zhao Xijin, who led several important vertebrate paleontological expeditions
to the Junggar Basin. Aorun zhaoi is the only species under the genus, which thus is monotypic.
Description
The holotype, IVPP V15709, consists of a skull, the lower jaws, a neck vertebra, a dorsal vertebra, three tail vertebrae, the left ulna and hand, the lower ends of both pubes and both lower legs. In the skull, the right orbit contains a nearly complete sclerotic ring which is composed of overlapping ossicles. The gracile hand of this specimen, which has particularly thin metacarpals III and IV more closely approximates the hands of derived non-avian coelurosaurs than the hands of more basal theropods.
It is estimated that the number of teeth in the premaxilla is four, in the maxilla twelve, and in the dentary between twenty-five and thirty. Its twelve maxillary tooth positions is also suggestive of a juvenile condition, with adult coelurosaurs typically having 15 or more. The teeth are distinctive, because they have no serrations (in the premaxillary and in some dentary teeth), or bear very fine serrations (~10/mm) only on the distal carinae (maxillary teeth and some dentary teeth). The authors noted, however, that the variability in the dentition may represent the juvenile condition.
= Size and ontogenetic stage
=
The specimen, as can be judged from the available skeletal structure, represents a small bipedal predator. The type specimen is a juvenile individual and measures about 1 m (3.3 ft) long, weighing about 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lbs). Choiniere et al. (2013) noted that based on a histological analysis of its femur and tibia and other characteristics of the holotype, this specimen of Aorun is at most one year old, and is clearly not a perinate. The relatively large orbit of Aorun is not indicative of what would be expected of an adult morphology.
= Diagnostic features
=
The describing authors established some diagnostic traits. In the depression for a skull opening, the fenestra antorbitalis, to the front a second opening is present, a fenestra maxillaris, that occupies much of the front part of this depression. The teeth in the maxilla only on their rear edges have denticles which are very small and directed towards the point of the teeth. The neck vertebrae are mildly opisthocoelous: with centra that are convex in front and concave at the rear. The claws of the hand are different from each other: the thumb claw is large and curved, but the other two claws are smaller and feature a straight underside. The shinbone has on its front outer side only a high narrow groove functioning as contact with the upper part of the astragalus. This processus ascendens however, though indeed positioned on the outer side, is low.
Aorun is different from other theropods discovered from the same region, such as Guanlong, Haplocheirus, Limusaurus, Monolophosaurus, Sinraptor and Zuolong. It is different from Guanlong in lacking a medial crest on the premaxilla, nasals and frontal bones. It also lacks high external nostrils, and a short anterior maxillary process. It has a shorter premaxillary body, but with a larger maxillary fenestra, a rodlike jugal, closely spaced fine serrations on the distal tooth carinae of the maxilla and dentary. The cervical vertebral centra are elongated with two pneumatic foramina, the neural spines are short and elongated towards the posterior in the dorsal vertebrae, and the pubic shaft is curved at the end. The limb bones are also substantially different.
Phylogeny
The authors who described Aorun placed it in a basal position within Coelurosauria and a member of Coeluridae. The assignment of Aorun to this position is due to its lack of synapomorphies that would provide evidence of its affinity with more derived coelurosaurian taxa. Tykoski (2005) and others have demonstrated that when immature taxa, as is the case with this specimen, are coded as adults in a phylogenetic analysis, the immature taxa were recovered in artificially basal positions relative to adults of the same taxon. In their cladistic analysis of Bannykus and Xiyunykus, Xu et al. (2018) recovered Aorun as a basal alvarezsaur. This assignment has been questioned. Analysis conducted by Kohta Kubo and colleagues with their description of the genus Jaculinykus in 2023 found it to be one the basalmost alvarezsaurs, being slightly more basal than the contemporary genus Haplocheirus. An abbreviated version of the tree they give can be seen below.
Cau (2024) recovered Lourinhanosaurus as a member of the superfamily Allosauroidea not inside of any family, forming a clade with Aorun. A simplified version of the cladogram is shown below.
Paleoecology
= Provenance and occurrence
=
The remains of the type specimen of Aorun zhaoi IVPP V15709 was recovered in the Wucaiwan locality, in the lower half of the Shishugou Formation, in the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, China. The specimen was collected by IVPP-GWU Field Expedition in 2006, in terrestrial red-brown siltstone that was shown by radiometric dating to have been deposited approximately 161.6 million years ago, at the boundary of the Oxfordian/Callovian stages of the Jurassic period. This find is significant temporally, because coelurosaur fossils dating to the Jurassic are rare. This specimen is housed in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, in Beijing, China.
= Fauna and habitat
=
The paleoenvironment of the Shishugou Formation was warm but had a basin-wide seasonal dry climate. The Wucaiwan locality of the Shishugou Formation has produced the remains of other theropods, such as the basal ceratosaur Limusaurus inextricabilis, the basal coelurosaur Zuolong salleei, the basal tyrannosauroid Guanlong wucaii and the basal alvarezsauroids Haplocheirus sollers and Shishugounykus. These other theropods, however, were recovered in sediments that were Oxfordian in age. This rich paleofauna also included pterosaurs like Sericipterus, ornithischians like Jiangjunosaurus and Yinlong and the sauropods Bellusaurus, Klamelisaurus, Tienshanosaurus and Mamenchisaurus. Aorun was probably a predator of small lizards and mammals. Aorun is the seventh theropod, and oldest coelurosaur known from the Shishugou Formation, which is considered one of the most phylogenetically and trophically diverse middle to late Jurassic theropod faunas.
References
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AO RUN - the Chinese God of the Sea (Chinese mythology)
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Ao Run - Wikipedia
Ao Run (敖闰) or Ao Ji (敖吉), is the Dragon King of the West Sea (西海龙王, Xīhǎi Lóngwáng) and one of the Dragon Kings of the Four Seas in Chinese religion and Korean mythology. [1] As an important belief in Chinese folk religion, Four Dragon King Temples are built around the place to worship the Dragon Kings.
Ao Run - World Mythos
Dec 21, 2024 · In Chinese mythology, Ao Run is a fascinating figure that captures the imagination of many. Known for his strength and power, Ao Run is often depicted as a dragon-like creature. His character is rich with symbolism and significance in various tales and legends.
AO RUN - the Chinese God of the Sea (Chinese mythology)
Godchecker guide to Ao Run (also known as Ao Jun), the Chinese God of the Sea from Chinese mythology. Two-faced Dragon Lord in charge of the Western Ocean.
The Nine Sons of the Dragon: Exploring Chinese Mythology
Apr 1, 2023 · Ao Run is the Dragon King of the West Sea, representing the element of metal. He holds the power to control floods and is often depicted with a water-spouting ornamental fish. In Chinese art, he is shown adorned with exquisite armor, symbolizing his role as a …
The Myth of the Four Dragon Kings in Chinese Mythology
Mar 1, 2024 · Ao Qin (King of the South Sea): Associated with the color red, he rules over the South Sea and the Pearl River. Ao Run (King of the West Sea): Corresponding with the element of silver, he rules over the West Sea and the Indus River.
Aorun - Wikipedia
Aorun (pronunciation ⓘ) (敖闰 pinyin Áo rùn) is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur first discovered in 2006, with its scientific description published in 2013. [1] .
The God of the Sea: The Influence of Dragon Kings - Chinese ...
Oct 3, 2024 · West Sea (Dragon King Ao Run): Ao Run, the West Sea Dragon King, represents the autumn and the harvest. His realm is characterized by transformation and change. North Sea (Dragon King Ao Shun): Ao Shun, the North Sea Dragon King, embodies winter and introspection. He is often seen as a guardian of the cold and the protective aspects of nature.
